The nurse explains to the client the different ways to administer inhalation medications. Which administration technique should be included in the teaching session?(Select All that Apply.)

Metered-dose inhaler

Nebulizer

Hypodermic syringe

Feeding tube syringe

Dry powder inhaler

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

A. Metered-dose inhaler (MDI): MDIs deliver a specific dose of medication in aerosol form. They consist of a pressurized canister containing medication and a mouthpiece or mask for inhalation. Patients must coordinate inhalation with actuation to ensure proper medication delivery to the lungs.

B. Nebulizer: Nebulizers convert liquid medication into a fine mist that can be inhaled directly into the lungs. They are commonly used for patients who have difficulty using MDIs or require higher doses of medication. Nebulizers are often used in acute care settings or at home for patients with chronic respiratory conditions.

C. Hypodermic syringe: Hypodermic syringes are used for administering injections subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. They are not used for inhalation medication administration.

D. Feeding tube syringe: Feeding tube syringes are used for administering liquid medications or enteral feeds through feeding tubes directly into the gastrointestinal tract. They are not used for inhalation medication administration.

E. Dry powder inhaler (DPI): DPIs deliver medication in powdered form, which is activated by the patient's inhalation. Unlike MDIs, DPIs do not require coordination between actuation and inhalation. Instead, patients inhale forcefully to disperse the medication into their lungs.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

A. Diabetes: Diabetes is not typically a contraindication for decongestant use. However, patients with diabetes should be cautious with decongestants that contain sugar or other ingredients that may affect blood glucose levels.

B. Hypertension: Decongestants can cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure, which may exacerbate hypertension. Patients with hypertension should use decongestants cautiously and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

C. Hyperthyroidism: While decongestants can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and may exacerbate symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as tachycardia and palpitations, hyperthyroidism is not typically considered a contraindication for decongestant use. However, patients with hyperthyroidism should use decongestants cautiously and consult with their healthcare provider.

D. Heart disease: Decongestants can increase heart rate and blood pressure, potentially worsening symptoms in patients with heart disease such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias. Patients with heart disease should use decongestants cautiously and consult with their healthcare provider before use.

E. Allergic rhinitis: Decongestants are often used to relieve nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis. While patients with allergic rhinitis may use decongestants, they should still use them cautiously and follow the recommended dosage instructions.

A. At high doses, to treat anaphylaxis. B. At high doses, to increase cardiac output. C. At low doses, to cause increased blood flow to the kidneys. D. At low doses, to treat anaphylaxis. E. To cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. At high doses, to treat anaphylaxis: Dopamine is not used to treat anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is typically managed with medications such as epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.

B. At high doses, to increase cardiac output: Dopamine is a medication commonly used in the treatment of shock, particularly in cases of hypotension. At higher doses, dopamine acts as a positive inotrope and increases cardiac contractility, thereby improving cardiac output and increasing blood pressure.

C. At low doses, to cause increased blood flow to the kidneys: At lower doses, dopamine primarily acts on dopaminergic receptors in the renal vasculature, leading to vasodilation of the renal blood vessels and increased renal perfusion. This can help improve renal blood flow and urine output, making it beneficial in cases of renal hypoperfusion or acute kidney injury.

D. At low doses, to treat anaphylaxis: Dopamine is not used to treat anaphylaxis at any dose. Anaphylaxis is managed with medications such as epinephrine, which acts on multiple receptors to reverse the systemic effects of the allergic reaction.

E. To cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure: Dopamine can also cause vasoconstriction, particularly at higher doses. This effect is mediated through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to peripheral vasoconstriction and an increase in systemic vascular resistance, which in turn helps increase blood pressure.

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The nurse explains to the client the different ways to administer inhalation medications. Which administration technique should be included in the teaching session?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Decongestants should be used with caution in patients with which diagnoses? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

The patient's family is asking questions about the medications used in the treatment for shock. The nurse explains that dopamine is one of the drugs being used and that it works: (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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