The most common indication for a vacuum-assisted delivery is:

The most common cause of excessive blood loss after childbirth is the failure of the uterine muscle to contract firmly, which is also known as uterine atony. If the uterus does not contract effectively after delivery, it cannot properly close off the blood vessels that were connected to the placenta, leading to heavy bleeding. Uterine atony can occur due to various factors, such as prolonged labor, multiple births, or the use of certain medications during labor.
Other causes of excessive blood loss after childbirth include retained placental fragments, vaginal or vulvar hematomas, or unrepaired lacerations of the vagina or cervix, but these are less common than uterine atony.

Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) are at risk of hypoglycemia because they have been exposed to high levels of glucose in utero. The fetus responds to this high glucose level by producing high levels of insulin to regulate the glucose level. After delivery, the glucose supply from the mother is cut off and the infant's insulin levels remain high, leading to hypoglycemia.

Additionally, the infant's ability to produce glucose is immature and may not be sufficient to maintain normal blood glucose levels, especially if the infant is premature or small for gestational age. Therefore, IDM requires close monitoring of their blood glucose levels to prevent and treat hypoglycemia.