Which of the following needs to be considered when using the Health Belief Model (HBM)?

Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed. In autosomal recessive inheritance, the gene for the disorder is located on an autosome (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome) and a person must inherit two copies of the abnormal gene (one from each parent) in order for the disorder to be expressed. If a person inherits only one copy of the abnormal gene, they are a carrier of the disorder but do not typically show symptoms.

Health literacy is defined as the degree to which an individual can obtain, process, and

understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Basic functional health literacy refers to an individual's ability to read and understand simple health information and instructions.

While all the clients mentioned may be demonstrating health literacy, the ability to read and understand discharge instructions after routine surgery is a basic functional health literacy skill. This client is able to comprehend written health information and follow simple instructions, which is an important aspect of managing their own health care.

The other clients mentioned may be displaying a higher level of health literacy, such as the client who is teaching a class about cancer survival or the client with Type II Diabetes who is using nutritional information to make a grocery list. These individuals may have a greater ability to understand and apply complex health information and navigate the healthcare system.