The CAGE questionnaire asks four questions and is a widely used tool to screen for alcoholism. Which of the four questions included in the CAGE questionnaire is most indicative of alcoholism?
Have you ever felt guilty about drinking?
Do you need a drink in the morning to get rid of a hangover?
Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
Have you ever felt you needed to cut down on your drinking?
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Feeling guilty about drinking (CAGE’s “G”) suggests awareness of problematic use, indicating psychological dependence. However, guilt is less specific than morning drinking, as it may occur in binge or social drinking without physical addiction. Morning drinking reflects physiological dependence, a stronger marker of chronic alcoholism.
Choice B reason: Needing a morning drink (CAGE’s “E” for eye-opener) indicates physical dependence, a hallmark of alcoholism. This reflects tolerance and withdrawal, where alcohol stabilizes GABA/glutamate imbalances to prevent symptoms like tremors. It’s the most specific indicator, showing the body’s reliance on alcohol, central to alcoholism’s pathophysiology.
Choice C reason: Annoyance at drinking criticism (CAGE’s “A”) suggests defensiveness, possibly indicating psychological dependence. It’s less specific than morning drinking, reflecting social dynamics rather than physical addiction. Alcoholism involves physiological changes, and morning drinking directly demonstrates the body’s need for alcohol to manage withdrawal, making this less indicative.
Choice D reason: Feeling the need to cut down (CAGE’s “C”) shows recognition of excessive drinking but is less specific than morning drinking, which signifies physical dependence from chronic alcohol-induced neurotransmitter changes. This question captures awareness but not the physiological addiction that morning drinking indicates, central to diagnosing alcoholism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Discouraging straining on stool prevents pain exacerbation or constipation in cancer but is not the priority with a pain score of 9. Severe pain from bone metastases, stimulating nociceptors, requires urgent IV narcotics to improve comfort, addressing the primary palliative goal over secondary issues like straining.
Choice B reason: A pain score of 9 in metastatic bone cancer indicates severe nociceptive pain from tumor invasion. IV narcotics (e.g., morphine) rapidly bind opioid receptors, reducing pain perception. This prioritizes comfort in palliative care, especially with stable vitals (SpO₂ 95%), addressing pain before nausea in this critical scenario.
Choice C reason: An IV fluid bolus treats dehydration from vomiting but does not address severe pain (9/10), a palliative priority. Bone metastases cause intense pain, requiring narcotics. Fluids are secondary, as vitals (BP 110/80) suggest stability, making pain relief more urgent to enhance quality of life in palliative care.
Choice D reason: An IV antiemetic controls nausea, likely from tumor or treatment effects, but severe pain (9/10) is the priority in palliative care. Narcotics provide rapid relief for bone metastasis pain, improving comfort. Antiemetics are secondary, as pain significantly impacts quality of life more immediately than nausea.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Oatmeal, raisins, and fruit with skin are high in fiber, reducing colorectal cancer risk by promoting bowel regularity and reducing carcinogen exposure. This aligns with dietary prevention strategies, per oncology and gastrointestinal health guidelines in nursing education.
Choice B reason: Potatoes, low-fat breads, and applesauce are low in fiber, offering less protection against colorectal cancer. High-fiber foods like oatmeal and fruit are preferred to reduce risk, per dietary recommendations and cancer prevention protocols in nursing care.
Choice C reason: Chicken, rice, and wheat products provide moderate fiber but lack the high-fiber content of oatmeal and fruit with skin, which better reduce colorectal cancer risk. Fiber is key, per oncology and dietary prevention standards in nursing education.
Choice D reason: Lean beef, salads, and baked potatoes offer some benefits, but beef may increase cancer risk. High-fiber oatmeal, raisins, and fruit are more effective for prevention, per colorectal cancer dietary guidelines and oncology prevention protocols in nursing care.
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