The nurse observes an adult client perform a return demonstration of diaphragmatic breathing. The client inhales while holding the abdomen, then removes the hand to allow expansion of the abdomen during exhalation. Which action should the nurse take after observing the client’s demonstration?

Remind the client to keep light pressure on the abdomen and cough after fully exhaling.

Confirm that the breathing technique was correct but hand pressure is not necessary.

Document that the client successfully demonstrated the diaphragmatic breathing technique.

Demonstrate how to expand the abdomen while inhaling and let it relax while exhaling.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Keeping pressure on the abdomen and coughing is incorrect for diaphragmatic breathing, which enhances lung expansion, not airway clearance. Coughing is for post-drainage. The client’s incorrect technique (abdominal expansion on exhalation) requires correction, as this reverses mechanics, reducing ventilation efficiency in conditions like COPD.

Choice B reason: The client’s technique is incorrect, expanding the abdomen on exhalation, not inhalation, reducing diaphragmatic efficacy. Confirming it as correct is wrong, as it impairs lung expansion. Demonstrating proper technique corrects the error, ensuring effective breathing to improve oxygenation, addressing the physiological need for ventilation.

Choice C reason: Documenting success is inaccurate, as the client’s technique is reversed, expanding the abdomen on exhalation. Diaphragmatic breathing requires inhalation expansion to lower the diaphragm, increasing lung capacity. Correcting the technique via demonstration ensures proper mechanics, not documenting an ineffective method that hinders ventilation.

Choice D reason: Demonstrating proper diaphragmatic breathing corrects the client’s error of exhalation expansion. Inhaling expands the abdomen via diaphragmatic descent, increasing tidal volume; exhaling relaxes it. This optimizes ventilation, addressing the need for effective breathing in conditions requiring enhanced lung function, ensuring the client learns the correct technique.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Feeling guilty about drinking (CAGE’s “G”) suggests awareness of problematic use, indicating psychological dependence. However, guilt is less specific than morning drinking, as it may occur in binge or social drinking without physical addiction. Morning drinking reflects physiological dependence, a stronger marker of chronic alcoholism.

Choice B reason: Needing a morning drink (CAGE’s “E” for eye-opener) indicates physical dependence, a hallmark of alcoholism. This reflects tolerance and withdrawal, where alcohol stabilizes GABA/glutamate imbalances to prevent symptoms like tremors. It’s the most specific indicator, showing the body’s reliance on alcohol, central to alcoholism’s pathophysiology.

Choice C reason: Annoyance at drinking criticism (CAGE’s “A”) suggests defensiveness, possibly indicating psychological dependence. It’s less specific than morning drinking, reflecting social dynamics rather than physical addiction. Alcoholism involves physiological changes, and morning drinking directly demonstrates the body’s need for alcohol to manage withdrawal, making this less indicative.

Choice D reason: Feeling the need to cut down (CAGE’s “C”) shows recognition of excessive drinking but is less specific than morning drinking, which signifies physical dependence from chronic alcohol-induced neurotransmitter changes. This question captures awareness but not the physiological addiction that morning drinking indicates, central to diagnosing alcoholism.

A. Baked potato with skin. B. Orange juice. C. White rice. D. Banana smoothie.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Baked potato with skin is high in potassium (about 900 mg), unsuitable for CKD, where impaired renal excretion risks hyperkalemia, causing cardiac arrhythmias. White rice is low-potassium, aligning with dietary restrictions, demonstrating understanding of the need to limit potassium intake in renal disease.

Choice B reason: Orange juice contains high potassium (about 500 mg per cup), dangerous in CKD, as reduced glomerular filtration increases hyperkalemia risk, affecting cardiac conduction. White rice, with minimal potassium, complies with restrictions, indicating the client’s understanding of safe dietary choices for kidney function.

Choice C reason: White rice is low in potassium (about 50 mg per cup), appropriate for CKD, where the kidneys cannot excrete excess potassium, risking hyperkalemia and arrhythmias. Choosing white rice shows the client understands the low-potassium diet, supporting safe management of renal disease and electrolyte balance.

Choice D reason: Banana smoothie is high in potassium (about 400 mg per banana), contraindicated in CKD, where hyperkalemia risks cardiac instability due to poor renal clearance. White rice, low in potassium, reflects dietary compliance, demonstrating the client’s understanding of restrictions to prevent electrolyte imbalances.

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The nurse observes an adult client perform a return demonstration of diaphragmatic breathing. The client inhales while holding the abdomen, then removes the hand to allow expansion of the abdomen during exhalation. Which action should the nurse take after observing the client’s demonstration?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The CAGE questionnaire asks four questions and is a widely used tool to screen for alcoholism. Which of the four questions included in the CAGE questionnaire is most indicative of alcoholism?

Correct Answer is B

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A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed a low-potassium diet. Which food choice indicates to the nurse that the client understands the dietary restrictions?

Correct Answer is C

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