Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type IV
Type III
Type II
Type I
The Correct Answer is B
A. Type IV Hypersensitivity (Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction): This type of reaction involves a delayed immune response, typically occurring 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an antigen. It's characterized by the activation of T cells and macrophages, leading to inflammation. This type of hypersensitivity is often associated with conditions like contact dermatitis and some autoimmune diseases.
B. Type III Hypersensitivity (Antibody-Mediated Reaction): Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when immune complexes, which are composed of antigens and antibodies, deposit in various tissues. This leads to inflammation and tissue damage. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of a disease associated with Type III hypersensitivity.
C. Type II Hypersensitivity: This type of reaction involves antibodies (IgG or IgM) targeting antigens on the surface of cells. This can lead to cell destruction through various mechanisms, such as complement activation or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Examples include hemolytic transfusion reactions and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
D. Type I Hypersensitivity (Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction): Type I hypersensitivity is characterized by an immediate immune response, typically occurring within minutes of exposure to an allergen. It involves the release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, leading to symptoms like hives, respiratory distress, and anaphylaxis. Allergies, like hay fever and food allergies, are examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Gentamicin: Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against many bacteria, but it's not the first choice for MRSA. Vancomycin or other alternatives are preferred due to the rising resistance of MRSA to gentamicin.
B. Nafcillin: Nafcillin is a penicillin antibiotic, often used for penicillin-sensitive staphylococcal infections. However, it is not effective against MRSA, which is resistant to many penicillin-based antibiotics.
C. Vancomycin: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including MRSA. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in bacteria, making it effective against Gram-positive bacteria that have developed resistance to other antibiotics like methicillin (which MRSA has).
D. Penicillin: Penicillin is a group of antibiotics that includes drugs like amoxicillin and ampicillin. MRSA is resistant to penicillin-based antibiotics, so they are not effective against MRSA infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "You have developed urticaria in response to something in your environment."
This statement is incorrect. Urticaria refers to hives, a skin rash usually caused by an allergic reaction, infection, or stress. It's not necessarily indicative of an autoimmune disease.
B. "Your immune system is creating antibodies that are destroying your own cells."
This statement is correct. Autoimmune diseases involve the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own cells and tissues, leading to various health issues.
C. "Your immune system is not able to create antibodies to help you fight infection."
This statement is incorrect. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system is overactive, producing antibodies that target the body's own cells, not that it can't create antibodies.
D. "You have developed an infection that is destroying your immune cells."
This statement is incorrect. Infections don't typically destroy immune cells; instead, infections often stimulate the immune system to respond and fight against invading pathogens.
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