Arteries are strong, elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.

The pancreas is an organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
As an endocrine gland, it secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.
As an exocrine gland, it releases substances that neutralize stomach acid and digestive enzymes that break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Choice A is wrong because the thyroid gland is only an endocrine gland.
It secretes hormones such as thyroxine and calcitonin that regulate metabolism and calcium levels.
Choice C is wrong because the anterior pituitary is only an endocrine gland.
It secretes hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone that regulate growth, lactation, and stress response.
Choice D is wrong because the liver is mainly an exocrine gland. It produces bile that helps digest fats and detoxifies the blood.
The liver also has some endocrine functions, such as producing insulin-like growth factor 1 and angiotensinogen, but these are not its primary roles.

Innate defenses counter specific disease-causing agents, whereas adaptive defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers.

Choice A is wrong because it confuses the two types of defenses.

Innate defenses are nonspecific and include physical barriers such as the skin, molecules that are toxic to invaders, and phagocytic cells that ingest invaders.

Adaptive defenses are specific and are activated by the innate immune system.

They involve the production of antibodies and specialized cells that recognize and eliminate specific pathogens.

Normal ranges are not applicable in this question as it is about the definitions of innate and adaptive defenses.