According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following best describes the role of the superego in personality development and mental health?

It represents internalized moral standards and ideals, often generating feelings of guilt and pride.

It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic drives.

It acts as the mediator between the conscious and unconscious mind, balancing impulses and reality.

It is responsible for unconscious defense mechanisms that protect the ego from anxiety.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: The superego internalizes societal and parental standards of right and wrong. It guides moral development and can produce guilt when standards are violated or pride when they are upheld.

Choice B reason: The pleasure principle refers to the id, which seeks immediate gratification of desires without considering consequences. This does not describe the superego.

Choice C reason: The ego, not the superego, mediates between the id, superego, and external reality. It works on the reality principle to balance impulses with acceptable behavior.

Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms are managed by the ego, not the superego. They protect against anxiety but are not the superego’s primary function.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Schizophrenia rarely presents in early childhood; cases in preschoolers are extremely uncommon and considered childhood-onset schizophrenia.

Choice B reason: While symptoms may persist into later life, new-onset schizophrenia is unusual in older adults and should prompt investigation for other causes such as dementia or medical illness.

Choice C reason: Schizophrenia most commonly develops in late adolescence to early adulthood, with men typically diagnosed in their late teens to early 20s and women in their late 20s to early 30s.

A. Displacement. B. Regression. C. Sublimation. D. Repression.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Displacement involves transferring feelings from one object or person to another safer target, which is not occurring here.

Choice B reason: Returning to earlier developmental behaviors, such as holding a childhood toy and speaking like a child during stress, is a clear example of regression.

Choice C reason: Sublimation is channeling unacceptable impulses into constructive activities, which is not shown in this scenario.

Choice D reason: Repression involves unconsciously blocking distressing thoughts or feelings, but in this case the client is acting out stress through childlike behavior.

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According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following best describes the role of the superego in personality development and mental health?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing education to a group of staff members about schizophrenia. Which of the following age groups should the nurse include as the age when schizophrenia is typically diagnosed?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A 25-year-old client is hospitalized for severe anxiety. During the assessment, the nurse notices the client clutches a childhood stuffed animal and speaks in a childlike voice when discussing stressful life events. Which defense mechanism is the client most likely using?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with schizophrenia who has a history of paranoid delusions asks the nurse, "Are you giving me something to poison me?" The nurse knows the client is receiving an antipsychotic medication. Applying the ethical principle of veracity, which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 16-year-old client with bulimia nervosa. Which interventions would be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse assigned to care for the client with a diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder expects to observe which characteristics and behaviors?

During an interview, a patient attempts to shift the focus from self to the nurse by asking personal questions. The nurse should respond by saying:

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I have no interest in sexual activity or finding a partner." The nurse should identify that this statement is consistent with which of the following personality disorders?

A 6-year-old child is showing behaviors such as excessive handwashing and reluctance to use the bathroom independently. According to Freud’s psychosexual theory, fixation at which stage is most likely contributing to these behaviors?

A client is exhibiting signs of severe anxiety, including hyperventilation, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating. Which communication approach should the nurse use to effectively support the client during this crisis?

A nurse is caring for a child whose guardians report that the child is consistently unable to speak during class and other social situations. The nurse should identify that the child is experiencing which of the following anxiety disorders?