According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following best describes the role of the superego in personality development and mental health?

It represents internalized moral standards and ideals, often generating feelings of guilt and pride.

It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic drives.

It acts as the mediator between the conscious and unconscious mind, balancing impulses and reality.

It is responsible for unconscious defense mechanisms that protect the ego from anxiety.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: The superego internalizes societal and parental standards of right and wrong. It guides moral development and can produce guilt when standards are violated or pride when they are upheld.

Choice B reason: The pleasure principle refers to the id, which seeks immediate gratification of desires without considering consequences. This does not describe the superego.

Choice C reason: The ego, not the superego, mediates between the id, superego, and external reality. It works on the reality principle to balance impulses with acceptable behavior.

Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms are managed by the ego, not the superego. They protect against anxiety but are not the superego’s primary function.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Nurses have a duty to protect potential victims from harm. Breaking confidentiality is justified to warn the intended victim and involve the healthcare team, consistent with the Tarasoff duty to warn principle.

Choice B reason: Warning the victim without involving the treatment team ignores the collaborative care process and may compromise safety planning.

Choice C reason: Waiting to act places the potential victim at risk and disregards the ethical duty to prevent harm.

Choice D reason: Maintaining confidentiality in this situation endangers others and violates the ethical principle of nonmaleficence.

A. The client was unable to distinguish right from wrong due to a mental disorder at the time of the crime. B. The client had a documented history of mental illness prior to the crime. C. The client was compelled by uncontrollable impulses to commit the act. D. The client was unaware of the consequences of their actions due to intoxication.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The M’Naghten Rule requires proof that, due to mental illness, the person did not understand the nature of the act or could not distinguish right from wrong at the time of the offense. This is the key standard used in many jurisdictions for insanity defenses.

Choice B reason: Having a history of mental illness alone is not sufficient; the rule focuses on the client’s mental state during the offense, not prior diagnoses.

Choice C reason: Being driven by uncontrollable impulses is not part of the M’Naghten criteria. This falls more under the “irresistible impulse” test, which is separate.

Choice D reason: Intoxication, even if it impairs judgment, does not qualify under the M’Naghten Rule. Voluntary substance use generally excludes insanity defenses.

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According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following best describes the role of the superego in personality development and mental health?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse working in a psychiatric unit discovers that a client has disclosed intentions to harm a specific person outside the hospital. Balancing ethical principles, what is the nurse’s most appropriate action?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client is on trial for a violent offense and the defense claims the client was legally insane at the time of the act. According to the M'Naghten Rule, which criterion must be met for the insanity defense to be valid?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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