A 25-year-old client is hospitalized for severe anxiety. During the assessment, the nurse notices the client clutches a childhood stuffed animal and speaks in a childlike voice when discussing stressful life events. Which defense mechanism is the client most likely using?

Displacement.

Regression.

Sublimation.

Repression.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Displacement involves transferring feelings from one object or person to another safer target, which is not occurring here.

Choice B reason: Returning to earlier developmental behaviors, such as holding a childhood toy and speaking like a child during stress, is a clear example of regression.

Choice C reason: Sublimation is channeling unacceptable impulses into constructive activities, which is not shown in this scenario.

Choice D reason: Repression involves unconsciously blocking distressing thoughts or feelings, but in this case the client is acting out stress through childlike behavior.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Enhancing dopamine transmission is not the mechanism of antipsychotics; excessive dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia’s positive symptoms, so reducing—not enhancing—dopamine activity is key.

Choice B reason: Blocking both dopamine and serotonin receptors is characteristic of second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics. This dual action reduces extrapyramidal side effects while still targeting positive and negative symptoms.

Choice C reason: First-generation antipsychotics primarily block dopamine D2 receptors, which increases the risk for extrapyramidal side effects such as dystonia and parkinsonism.

Choice D reason: Selective serotonin receptor blockade is not the defining mechanism of second-generation antipsychotics. These medications act on both dopamine and serotonin systems.

A. Assign the patient as a leader in a small group activity to build confidence and self-esteem. B. Confront the patient about his avoidance behaviors and insist on more social interaction with peers. C. Provide structured one-on-one interactions that respect the patient’s need for limited emotional engagement. D. Encourage daily participation in group therapy to improve social skills and reduce isolation.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Assigning leadership in a group setting may overwhelm a patient with schizoid personality disorder, as they are uncomfortable with close social interactions. This approach could increase withdrawal.

Choice B reason: Confrontation about avoidance behaviors is not therapeutic. It may heighten resistance and increase distress rather than encourage trust or engagement.

Choice C reason: Structured one-on-one interactions allow the nurse to build rapport while respecting the patient’s preference for limited emotional involvement. This is the most appropriate approach for schizoid personality disorder.

Choice D reason: Forcing daily group therapy participation may cause stress and withdrawal, as these patients are more comfortable with solitary activities. Gentle encouragement, not insistence, is better suited.

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A 25-year-old client is hospitalized for severe anxiety. During the assessment, the nurse notices the client clutches a childhood stuffed animal and speaks in a childlike voice when discussing stressful life events. Which defense mechanism is the client most likely using?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a client starting on risperidone. Which of the following statements best explains the unique pharmacological action of second-generation antipsychotics compared to first-generation antipsychotics?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with schizophrenia is prescribed olanzapine. During a follow-up visit, the client reports increased appetite and weight gain. Which nursing action is most appropriate to address this concern?

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A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with panic disorder. The provider has prescribed pharmacologic treatment. Which of the following medications are commonly used in the treatment of panic disorder? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 16-year-old client with bulimia nervosa. Which interventions would be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse plans care for a client newly admitted with obsessive-compulsive disorder who is repeatedly counting magazines in the commons room. Which of the following should the nurse include in the initial plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Which principle should guide the nurse in determining the extent of silence to use during patient interview sessions?

A mental health nurse is working with a client experiencing severe depression. The nurse wants to provide supportive care while avoiding becoming emotionally overwhelmed. Which statement best reflects the difference between sympathy and empathy in this context?

During an interview, a patient attempts to shift the focus from self to the nurse by asking personal questions. The nurse should respond by saying: