A nurse is educating a client starting on risperidone. Which of the following statements best explains the unique pharmacological action of second-generation antipsychotics compared to first-generation antipsychotics?
They enhance dopamine transmission to improve cognitive function in schizophrenia.
They block dopamine and serotonin receptors, reducing extrapyramidal side effects.
They primarily block dopamine D2 receptors, leading to high rates of extrapyramidal symptoms.
They selectively block only serotonin receptors, improving mood without affecting dopamine.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Enhancing dopamine transmission is not the mechanism of antipsychotics; excessive dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia’s positive symptoms, so reducing—not enhancing—dopamine activity is key.
Choice B reason: Blocking both dopamine and serotonin receptors is characteristic of second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics. This dual action reduces extrapyramidal side effects while still targeting positive and negative symptoms.
Choice C reason: First-generation antipsychotics primarily block dopamine D2 receptors, which increases the risk for extrapyramidal side effects such as dystonia and parkinsonism.
Choice D reason: Selective serotonin receptor blockade is not the defining mechanism of second-generation antipsychotics. These medications act on both dopamine and serotonin systems.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Planning alternate escape routes is a core part of safety planning, ensuring the victim can exit safely even if blocked.
Choice B reason: Having an emergency bag ready allows quick departure and reduces risk of having to return to the abuser’s home.
Choice C reason: Giving the abuser information about location compromises safety and places the victim at greater risk.
Choice D reason: Establishing a signal with trusted individuals ensures the victim can get help quickly if violence escalates.
Choice E reason: Encouraging firearm purchase is not an appropriate nursing intervention due to safety risks and escalation potential. Safer protective strategies should be emphasized.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The superego internalizes societal and parental standards of right and wrong. It guides moral development and can produce guilt when standards are violated or pride when they are upheld.
Choice B reason: The pleasure principle refers to the id, which seeks immediate gratification of desires without considering consequences. This does not describe the superego.
Choice C reason: The ego, not the superego, mediates between the id, superego, and external reality. It works on the reality principle to balance impulses with acceptable behavior.
Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms are managed by the ego, not the superego. They protect against anxiety but are not the superego’s primary function.
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