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A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome receives artificial surfactant. How would the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?

“Surfactant improves the ability of your baby’s lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.”.

“The drug keeps your baby from requiring too much sedation.”.

“Surfactant is used to reduce episodes of periodic apnea.”.

“Your baby needs this medication to fight a possible respiratory tract infection.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

choice A. Surfactant improves the ability of your baby’s lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Surfactant is a substance that coats the inner surface of the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs.

It reduces the surface tension of the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing during exhalation.

Premature infants often lack enough surfactant, which leads to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Artificial surfactant is given to these infants to help them breathe more easily. Choice B is wrong because surfactant has nothing to do with sedation.

Sedation is a state of reduced consciousness induced by drugs. Surfactant does not affect the level of consciousness of the infant.

Choice C is wrong because surfactant is not used to reduce episodes of periodic apnea.

Periodic apnea is a condition where the infant stops breathing for a short time, usually due to immature brainstem function.

Surfactant does not affect the brainstem or the control of breathing.

Choice D is wrong because surfactant is not used to fight a possible respiratory tract infection. Surfactant does not have any antibacterial or antiviral properties.

Surfactant is used to treat RDS, which is caused by a lack of surfactant, not by an infection.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

The child’s care should include adequate hydration and pain management. The management of an acute event of a vaso-occlusive crisis is the use of potent analgesics (opioids), rehydration with normal saline or Ringer’s lactate, treatment of malaria (whether symptomatic or not) using artemisinin combination therapy, and the use of oxygen via face mask, especially for acute chest syndrome.

Choice A is wrong because correction of acidosis is not a specific intervention for the vaso- occlusive crisis.

Acidosis may occur as a complication of sickle cell disease, but it is not the primary cause of the crisis.

Choice D is wrong because the administration of heparin is not recommended for the vaso-occlusive crisis.

Heparin is an anticoagulant that may increase the risk of bleeding and does not prevent or treat the sickling process.

Normal ranges for hemoglobin are 11.5 to 15.5 g/dl for children after 2 years of age.

Normal ranges for reticulocyte count are 0.5% to 1.5% for adults and 0.5% to 2.5% for children.

A. Identification of fetal heartbeat. B. Palpation of fetal outline. C. Visualization of the fetus. D. Verification of fetal movement. E. Positive hCG test.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

These are all positive signs of pregnancy, which are definitive and can only be explained by the presence of a fetus.A positive sign of pregnancy is fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife.

Choice E is wrong because a positive hCG test is a probable sign of pregnancy, not a positive one.A probable sign of pregnancy is strongly suggestive of pregnancy but could have other causes.A positive hCG test could be caused by medications, tumors, or other conditions that affect the level of hCG in the blood or urine.

Some other probable signs of pregnancy are uterine enlargement, Hegar’s sign (softening of the lower uterine segment), Goodell’s sign (softening of the cervix), Chadwick’s sign (bluish discoloration of the cervix), ballottement (rebound of the fetus when tapped by the examiner’s finger), Braxton Hicks contractions (painless, irregular uterine contractions), and positive pregnancy test.

Some other positive signs of pregnancy are identification of fetal heartbeat, visualization of the fetus by ultrasound or x-ray, and verification of fetal movement by an experienced clinician.

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A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome receives artificial surfactant. How would the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A school-age child is admitted in vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. The child’s care should include which intervention? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

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The diagnosis of pregnancy is based on which positive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome receives artificial surfactant. How would the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?

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