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A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome receives artificial surfactant. How would the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?

“Surfactant improves the ability of your baby’s lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.”.

“The drug keeps your baby from requiring too much sedation.”.

“Surfactant is used to reduce episodes of periodic apnea.”.

“Your baby needs this medication to fight a possible respiratory tract infection.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

choice A. Surfactant improves the ability of your baby’s lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Surfactant is a substance that coats the inner surface of the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs.

It reduces the surface tension of the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing during exhalation.

Premature infants often lack enough surfactant, which leads to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Artificial surfactant is given to these infants to help them breathe more easily. Choice B is wrong because surfactant has nothing to do with sedation.

Sedation is a state of reduced consciousness induced by drugs. Surfactant does not affect the level of consciousness of the infant.

Choice C is wrong because surfactant is not used to reduce episodes of periodic apnea.

Periodic apnea is a condition where the infant stops breathing for a short time, usually due to immature brainstem function.

Surfactant does not affect the brainstem or the control of breathing.

Choice D is wrong because surfactant is not used to fight a possible respiratory tract infection. Surfactant does not have any antibacterial or antiviral properties.

Surfactant is used to treat RDS, which is caused by a lack of surfactant, not by an infection.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because oil peppermint can stimulate the micturition reflex and help the woman to void.

Some possible explanations for the other choices are:

Choice A is wrong because pouring water over the perineum may not be enough to trigger the micturition reflex and may cause discomfort or infection.

Choice C is wrong because analgesics may not address the underlying cause of urinary retention and may have side effects such as drowsiness or nausea.

Choice D is wrong because inserting a sterile catheter is an invasive procedure that carries risks such as trauma, infection, or bladder spasms. It should be used only as a last resort after other methods have failed.

Normal ranges for postpartum bladder function are:

Urine output: 3000 to 5000 mL/day for the first 2 to 3 days after delivery.
Urine specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030.
Urine pH: 4.6 to 8.0.

A. Only in the third trimester from the maternal circulation. B. By a needlestick injury at birth from unsterile instruments. C. Only through the ingestion of amniotic fluid. D. Through the ingestion of breast milk from an infected mother.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is choice D. Perinatal transmission of HIV is when HIV is passed from a woman with HIV to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Breast milk from an infected mother can contain HIV and infect the baby.

Choice A is wrong because HIV can be transmitted at any stage of pregnancy, not only in the third trimester.

Choice B is wrong because needlestick injury is not a common mode of perinatal transmission of HIV. It is more likely to occur among health care workers who are exposed to contaminated needles or sharp objects.

Choice C is wrong because HIV can also be transmitted through the ingestion of amniotic fluid, but it is not the only way. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects the baby in the womb.

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A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome receives artificial surfactant. How would the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Because a full bladder prevents the uterus from contracting normally, nurses intervene to help the woman empty her bladder spontaneously as soon as possible. If all else fails, the last thing the nurse could try is:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be perinatally transmitted:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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