A patient with a cardiac disorder is having increased premature ventricular contractions and feels "anxious" and short of breath. After vital signs are obtained, what actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Notify the health-care provider.

Start oxygen at 2 L/min.

Order an electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes.

Place bed in modified Trendelenburg position.

Allow the patient to rest alone.

Elevate the head of the bed.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,F

A.   Increased premature ventricular contractions along with symptoms of anxiety and shortness of breath may indicate worsening cardiac function or an acute cardiac event, necessitating immediate medical attention.
B.   Oxygen therapy may help alleviate symptoms of shortness of breath and improve oxygenation in patients experiencing cardiac symptoms.
C.   These diagnostic tests can provide valuable information about cardiac function and any potential myocardial damage or ischemia, helping guide further treatment and management.
D.   The modified Trendelenburg position may increase cardiac workload, which is not beneficial in the case of PVCs.
E.   The patient should not be left alone due to the need for ongoing assessment and potential rapid intervention. Furthermore, leaving them alone could worsen their anxiety.
F.   Elevating the head of the bed can aid in breathing and comfort, reducing the sensation of breathlessness.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by rapid, irregular electrical impulses originating from the atria, resulting in a quivering or fibrillating motion of the atria rather than a coordinated contraction.
B. Asystole is the absence of any electrical activity on the cardiac monitor, resulting in a flat line. It indicates the absence of ventricular contraction and is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention (CPR and advanced cardiac life support).
C. Ventricular fibrillation is characterized by chaotic, disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles, resulting in ineffective quivering of the ventricles and loss of cardiac output.
D. Atrial flutter is characterized by rapid but regular electrical impulses originating from the atria, resulting in a sawtooth pattern on the ECG tracing.

A. An individual who drinks alcohol B. An individual with Down syndrome C. A client with hemophilia D. A client with iron deficiency anemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to various health problems, it is not a known risk factor for leukemia.
B. Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

C. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder and is not directly associated with an increased risk of leukemia.
D. Iron deficiency anemia is not a known risk factor for leukemia.

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A patient with a cardiac disorder is having increased premature ventricular contractions and feels "anxious" and short of breath. After vital signs are obtained, what actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

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