Which of the following are rules for atrial fibrillation? Select all that apply

Rhythm: Irregularly irregular

P waves: No identifiable P waves

PR interval: Measurable

Heart rate: Atrial rate not measurable

QRS interval: <0.10 seconds

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

A.   Irregularly irregular: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm.
B.   No identifiable P waves: P waves are typically absent in atrial fibrillation or may be difficult to identify.
C.   PR interval is not typically measured in atrial fibrillation as it is not relevant to the rhythm.
D.   Atrial rate not measurable: The atrial rate in atrial fibrillation is not measurable due to the rapid and irregular nature of the rhythm.
E.   QRS interval is typically normal in atrial fibrillation and does not exceed 0.10 seconds.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Sinus bradycardia may not require immediate intervention if the patient is asymptomatic and stable.
B. Asymptomatic premature atrial contractions may not require immediate attention unless they are associated with significant symptoms or hemodynamic instability.
C. Dyspnea in a patient with atrial fibrillation may indicate heart failure or other complications and requires prompt assessment and intervention.
D. Sinus tachycardia may not require immediate intervention if the patient is asymptomatic and stable.

A. Hodgkin lymphoma B. Multiple myeloma C. Leukemia D. Hemophilia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While bone involvement can occur in Hodgkin lymphoma, it is not typically associated with a high risk of spontaneous pathological fractures compared to multiple myeloma.
B. Multiple myeloma is characterized by the destruction of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of spontaneous pathological fractures.
C. Leukemia primarily affects the bone marrow and may cause bone pain but does not typically lead to spontaneous pathological fractures.
D. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors and is not directly associated with an increased risk of spontaneous pathological fractures.

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Which of the following are rules for atrial fibrillation? Select all that apply

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