A patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle crash arrives in the emergency department (ED) with cool, clammy skin; tachycardia; and hypotension. ordered by the health care provider should the nurse implement first?

In this scenario, the patient's signs and symptoms suggest a state of shock, which can be caused by various factors, such as hypovolemia, cardiac dysfunction, or systemic vasodilation. The first priority in managing a patient in shock is to ensure adequate oxygenation and tissue perfusion. Administering oxygen at 100% per non-rebreather mask helps improve oxygen delivery to the tissues and supports vital organ function.
A. Placing the patient on a continuous cardiac monitor in (option A) is incorrect because it is an important step to monitor the patient's heart rhythm and identify any abnormalities. However, providing oxygen should take priority to address the potential hypoxemia and tissue hypoperfusion.
C. Inserting two 14-gauge IV catheters in (option C) is incorrect because it is crucial for establishing large-bore access for fluid resuscitation and medication administration. While it is an important step, addressing oxygenation takes precedence.
D. Drawing blood to type and crossmatch for transfusions in (option D) is incorrect because it is an important step in managing a patient in shock who may require blood products. However, ensuring adequate oxygenation through oxygen administration is the immediate priority.
Therefore, the nurse should act first on the order to administer oxygen at 100% per non-rebreather mask to support the patient's oxygenation and tissue perfusion.

Urine output is an essential indicator of renal perfusion and overall fluid status. In a patient in shock, maintaining an adequate urine output is a crucial goal of fluid resuscitation. A urine output of 0.5 to 1 mL/kg/hour is generally considered adequate in adults. The given value of 35 ml over the last hour suggests that the patient is producing urine, which indicates that fluid resuscitation is effective in restoring perfusion to the kidneys.
A. The patient's mean arterial pressure (MAP) is 50 mm Hg in (option A) is incorrect because While mean arterial pressure is an important hemodynamic parameter, a single value alone may not provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's response to fluid resuscitation.
B. The patient's GCS score is 9 in (option B) is incorrect because The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assesses the level of consciousness and neurological function but does not directly reflect fluid resuscitation effectiveness.
D. The patient's hemoglobin is within normal limits: (option D) is incorrect because Haemoglobin levels are important for assessing oxygen-carrying capacity but do not directly indicate the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation.
Therefore, the nurse can evaluate that fluid resuscitation for a 70 kg patient in shock is effective by observing a urine output of 35 ml over the last hour.