A patient is admited with hypernatremia caused by being stranded on a boat in the Atlantic Ocean for two days without water. What is the patient at risk for developing?
Cerebral bleeding
Pulmonary edema
Cardiac arrhythmias
Seizures
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A: Cerebral bleeding is incorrect because it is not a common complication of hypernatremia, which is a high sodium level in the blood. Cerebral bleeding can be caused by conditions such as head trauma, stroke, or aneurysm.
Choice B: Pulmonary edema is incorrect because it is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Pulmonary edema can be caused by conditions such as heart failure, kidney failure, or lung injury.
Choice C: Cardiac arrhythmias is correct because it is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by hypernatremia, which can affect the electrical activity and contractility of the heart muscle. Hypernatremia can also cause dehydration, hypovolemia, and hypotension, which can impair the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart.
Choice D: Seizures is incorrect because it is a condition where abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes convulsions, loss of consciousness, or altered behavior. Seizures can be caused by conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumor, or infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is correct because 600 milliliters is a low volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates oliguria. Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 to 500 milliliters per day or less than 30 milliliters per hour. Oliguria can be a sign of dehydration, kidney injury, urinary obstruction, or shock. The nurse should notify the patient's healthcare provider and monitor the patient's fluid balance, vital signs, and laboratory values.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because 1200 milliliters is a normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates adequate renal function. The normal range of urine output for adults is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day or 30 to 80 milliliters per hour. The nurse should document the patient's urine output and continue to assess the patient's recovery status.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because 1800 milliliters is a normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates adequate renal function. The normal range of urine output for adults is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day or 30 to 80 milliliters per hour. The nurse should document the patient's urine output and continue to assess the patient's recovery status.
Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because 750 milliliters is a low-normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which does not require immediate intervention. However, the nurse should be alert for any signs of decreased renal perfusion or function, such as hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine specific gravity, or elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. The nurse should encourage the patient to drink fluids as tolerated and report any changes in urine output or quality.
Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because 1000 milliliters is a normal volume of urine output for a 24-hour period, which indicates adequate renal function. The normal range of urine output for adults is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day or 30 to 80 milliliters per hour. The nurse should document the patient's urine output and continue to assess the patient's recovery status.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Patient with venous stasis ulcer is not at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis because this condition does not affect the acid-base balance. Venous stasis ulcer is a chronic wound caused by poor blood flow in the veins of the lower extremities.
Choice B: Patient on dialysis is not at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis because dialysis helps to correct the acid-base imbalance. Dialysis is a treatment that removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
Choice C: Patient with bulimia is at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis because of frequent vomiting. Vomiting causes loss of gastric acid, which leads to increased bicarbonate levels and decreased hydrogen ions in the blood.
Choice D: Patient with COPD is not at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis, but rather respiratory acidosis. COPD is a chronic lung disease that causes difficulty breathing and impaired gas exchange. This results in accumulation of carbon dioxide and decreased pH in the blood.
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