A patient is admited with hypernatremia caused by being stranded on a boat in the Atlantic Ocean for two days without water. What is the patient at risk for developing?

Cerebral bleeding

Pulmonary edema

Cardiac arrhythmias

Seizures

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A: Cerebral bleeding is incorrect because it is not a common complication of hypernatremia, which is a high sodium level in the blood. Cerebral bleeding can be caused by conditions such as head trauma, stroke, or aneurysm.

Choice B: Pulmonary edema is incorrect because it is a condition where ﬂuid accumulates in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Pulmonary edema can be caused by conditions such as heart failure, kidney failure, or lung injury.

Choice C: Cardiac arrhythmias is correct because it is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by hypernatremia, which can aﬀect the electrical activity and contractility of the heart muscle. Hypernatremia can also cause dehydration, hypovolemia, and hypotension, which can impair the blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery to the heart.

Choice D: Seizures is incorrect because it is a condition where abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes convulsions, loss of consciousness, or altered behavior. Seizures can be caused by conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumor, or infection.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Metabolic acidosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3, not a high PaCO2. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is an excess of metabolic acids in the body, such as lactic acid, ketoacids, or salicylates.

Choice B: Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a high pH and a low PaCO2, not a low pH and a high PaCO2. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive loss of carbon dioxide through hyperventilation, such as in anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose.

Choice C: Respiratory acidosis is correct because it is characterized by a low pH and a high PaCO2. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is impaired gas exchange or hypoventilation, resulting in accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. This can be caused by conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, or chest trauma.

Choice D: Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3, not a low pH and a high PaCO2. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a loss of metabolic acids or an excess of bicarbonate in the body, such as from vomiting, gastric suctioning, or diuretic therapy.

A. A client who is taking a thiazide diuretic B. A client who has diarrhea C. A client who is vomiting D. A client who has salicylate intoxication

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: A client who is taking a thiazide diuretic is not at risk for metabolic acidosis, but rather for metabolic alkalosis. This is a condition that occurs when the body has too much bicarbonate or loses too much acid. This can happen in patients who take thiazide diuretics, which increase the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, but also cause the retention of bicarbonate.

Choice B: A client who has diarrhea is at risk for metabolic acidosis, because this condition occurs when the body produces too much acid or loses too much bicarbonate. This can happen in patients who have diarrhea, which causes the loss of intestinal ﬂuids that contain bicarbonate and other bases.

Choice C: A client who is vomiting is not at risk for metabolic acidosis, but rather for metabolic alkalosis. This is a condition that occurs when the body has too much bicarbonate or loses too much acid. This can happen in patients who have vomiting, which causes the loss of gastric ﬂuids that contain hydrochloric acid and other acids.

Choice D: A client who has salicylate intoxication is at risk for metabolic acidosis, because this condition occurs when the body produces too much acid or loses too much bicarbonate. This can happen in patients who have salicylate intoxication, which is a toxic reaction to aspirin or other salicylates. Salicylates increase the production of organic acids and interfere with the renal excretion of acids.

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A patient is admited with hypernatremia caused by being stranded on a boat in the Atlantic Ocean for two days without water. What is the patient at risk for developing?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7.3 and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for metabolic acidosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is concerned that a patient recovering from a thyroidectomy is developing hypocalcemia. What findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply)

A patient recovering from surgery has an indwelling urinary catheter. For which 24-hour urine output volumes should the nurse notify the patient's healthcare provider?

A patient prescribed spironolactone is demonstrating ECG changes and complaining of muscle weakness. The nurse realizes this patient is exhibiting signs of which electrolyte imbalance?

A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A client is admited to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs?

A patient with chronic renal failure has an occluded arteriovenous fistula, and routine hemodialysis is delayed. However, the patient's serum potassium level is 6.0 mEq/L. What should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is admitted to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. ABG results reveal a pH of 7.2 and a bicarbonate level of 20 mEq/L. What other assessment findings should the nurse anticipate in this patient? Select all that apply.

The patient is prescribed to receive intravenous potassium chloride (KCL). Which actions should the nurse take when administering this medication? Select all that apply.