A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Limit intake of canned soups.

Choose botled salad dressings.

Choose diet sodas over botled water.

Replace processed meats with fresh meat products.

Read labels on foods before eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and ﬂuid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caﬀeine, and phosphoric acid, which can aﬀect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or ﬂavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

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Correct Answer is ["A","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: Calcium-containing antacids are prescribed for patients with high serum phosphate levels, because calcium binds with phosphate and lowers its concentration in the blood. Calcium-containing antacids also help to prevent or treat hypocalcemia, which is a common complication of hyperphosphatemia.

Choice B: Increased vitamin D intake is not prescribed for patients with high serum phosphate levels, because vitamin D enhances the absorption of both calcium and phosphate from the intestines. Increased vitamin D intake can worsen hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.

Choice C: Potassium phosphate is not prescribed for patients with high serum phosphate levels, because potassium phosphate is a source of phosphate that increases its concentration in the blood. Potassium phosphate can also cause hyperkalemia, which is a dangerous condition that aﬀects the heart rhythm.

Choice D: Additional milk intake is not prescribed for patients with high serum phosphate levels, because milk is rich in both calcium and phosphate. Additional milk intake can worsen hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.

Choice E: IV normal saline is prescribed for patients with high serum phosphate levels, because normal saline helps to dilute the blood and lower the concentration of phosphate. Normal saline also helps to maintain ﬂuid and electrolyte balance in the body.

A. Sodium level B. Daily weight C. Intake and output D. Tissue turgor

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Sodium level is not a reliable measure of ﬂuid retention because it can be aﬀected by other factors such as diet, medication, and dehydration. Sodium level does not reﬂect the amount of water in the body.

Choice B: Daily weight is the most reliable measure of ﬂuid retention because it reﬂects the changes in total body water. A weight gain of more than 0.5 kg (1 lb) in a day or 1.5 kg (3 lb) in a week indicates ﬂuid retention.

Choice C: Intake and output is not a reliable measure of ﬂuid retention because it does not account for insensible losses such as sweating, breathing, and fever. Intake and output can also be inaccurate due to measurement errors or incomplete records.

Choice D: Tissue turgor is not a reliable measure of ﬂuid retention because it can be inﬂuenced by age, skin elasticity, and hydration status. Tissue turgor does not indicate the amount of ﬂuid in the intravascular space.

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