A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Limit intake of canned soups.

Choose botled salad dressings.

Choose diet sodas over botled water.

Replace processed meats with fresh meat products.

Read labels on foods before eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and ﬂuid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caﬀeine, and phosphoric acid, which can aﬀect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or ﬂavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is correct because a phosphate of 5.7 mg/dL indicates hyperphosphatemia, which is a high level of phosphate in the blood. Hyperphosphatemia is a common manifestation of hypoparathyroidism, which is a condition that causes low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH regulates calcium and phosphate balance in the body, and low PTH leads to decreased calcium and increased phosphate levels. The nurse should monitor the client's neuromuscular and cardiovascular status, and administer calcium and vitamin D supplements as ordered.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because a calcium of 9.8 mg/dL is within the normal range of 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL. Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting, and low calcium levels can cause tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, and administer calcium and vitamin D supplements as ordered.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because a magnesium of 1.8 mEq/L is within the normal range of 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L. Hypoparathyroidism does not aﬀect magnesium levels significantly, and this result does not indicate an urgent problem for the client.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because a vitamin D of 25 ng/mL is within the normal range of 20 to 50 ng/mL. Hypoparathyroidism causes low levels of vitamin D, which is needed for calcium absorption and bone health. Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. The nurse should monitor the client's bone density and fractures, and administer vitamin D supplements as ordered.

A. Increased BUN B. Increased urine ketones C. Decreased urine specific gravity D. Decreased Hgb

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is correct because BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, which is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Increased BUN indicates ﬂuid volume deficit, as the blood becomes more concentrated and the kidneys have less ﬂuid to filter. A normal BUN level is 7 to 20 mg/dL. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid intake and output, weight, and serum electrolytes, and administer ﬂuids as ordered.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because urine ketones are not related to ﬂuid volume deficit, but to diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy and produces ketones as a by-product. Increased urine ketones indicate diabetic ketoacidosis, which can cause

dehydration, acidosis, and coma. A normal urine ketone level is negative or trace. The nurse should monitor the client's blood glucose, pH, and bicarbonate levels, and administer insulin and ﬂuids as ordered.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Decreased urine specific gravity indicates ﬂuid volume excess, as the urine becomes more diluted and the kidneys excrete more ﬂuid. A normal urine specific gravity range is 1.005 to 1.030. The nurse should monitor the client's ﬂuid balance, vital signs, and edema, and administer diuretics as ordered.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because Hgb stands for hemoglobin, which is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Decreased Hgb indicates anemia, which is a condition that occurs when the blood has a low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and pallor. A normal Hgb level for adult males is 14 to 18 g/dL and for adult females is 12 to 16 g/dL. The nurse should monitor the client's oxygen saturation, iron level, and blood transfusion needs, and administer iron supplements or erythropoietin as ordered.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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