A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Limit intake of canned soups.
Choose botled salad dressings.
Choose diet sodas over botled water.
Replace processed meats with fresh meat products.
Read labels on foods before eating.
Correct Answer : A,D,E
Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and fluid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.
Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.
Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caffeine, and phosphoric acid, which can affect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or flavored water with natural ingredients.
Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.
Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
- Choice A: Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body, resulting in a low pH and a high bicarbonate level. This is not the case for the patient, who has a high pH and a high bicarbonate level.
- Choice B: Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces too much acid or loses too much base, resulting in a low pH and a low bicarbonate level. This is not the case for the patient, who has a high pH and a high bicarbonate level.
- Choice C: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition that occurs when the body loses too much acid or gains too much base, resulting in a high pH and a high bicarbonate level. This is the case for the patient, who has a high pH and a high bicarbonate level.
- Choice D: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs remove too much carbon dioxide from the body, resulting in a high pH and a low bicarbonate level. This is not the case for the patient, who has a high pH and a high bicarbonate level.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Cerebral bleeding is incorrect because it is not a common complication of hypernatremia, which is a high sodium level in the blood. Cerebral bleeding can be caused by conditions such as head trauma, stroke, or aneurysm.
Choice B: Pulmonary edema is incorrect because it is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Pulmonary edema can be caused by conditions such as heart failure, kidney failure, or lung injury.
Choice C: Cardiac arrhythmias is correct because it is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by hypernatremia, which can affect the electrical activity and contractility of the heart muscle. Hypernatremia can also cause dehydration, hypovolemia, and hypotension, which can impair the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart.
Choice D: Seizures is incorrect because it is a condition where abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes convulsions, loss of consciousness, or altered behavior. Seizures can be caused by conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumor, or infection.
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