A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Limit intake of canned soups.

Choose botled salad dressings.

Choose diet sodas over botled water.

Replace processed meats with fresh meat products.

Read labels on foods before eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and ﬂuid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caﬀeine, and phosphoric acid, which can aﬀect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or ﬂavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because phosphorus is not the most aﬀected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Phosphorus is a mineral that is involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and acid-base balance. Acute renal failure can cause hyperphosphatemia, which is a high level of phosphorus in the blood, due to impaired excretion by the kidneys. However, hyperphosphatemia is usually asymptomatic and can be treated with phosphate binders and dietary restriction.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because magnesium is not the most aﬀected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and bone health. Acute renal failure can cause hypermagnesemia, which is a high level of magnesium in the blood, due to impaired excretion by the kidneys. However, hypermagnesemia is rare and usually occurs in patients who receive excessive magnesium supplementation or antacids.

Choice C Reason: This is correct because potassium is the most aﬀected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Potassium is a mineral that is vital for nerve and muscle function, especially for the heart. Acute renal failure can cause hyperkalemia, which is a high level of potassium in the blood, due to impaired excretion by the kidneys. Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. The nurse should monitor the patient's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and serum potassium level, and administer medications or dialysis as ordered.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because calcium is not the most aﬀected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Calcium is a mineral that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Acute renal failure can cause hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood, due to decreased production of active vitamin D by the kidneys. Hypocalcemia can cause tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should monitor the patient's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, and administer calcium and vitamin D supplements as ordered.

Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because sodium is not the most aﬀected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Sodium is a mineral that regulates ﬂuid balance, blood pressure, and nerve impulses. Acute renal failure can cause hyponatremia or hypernatremia, which are low or high levels of sodium in the blood, due to impaired regulation of water intake and output by the kidneys. Hyponatremia can cause confusion, seizures, and coma. Hypernatremia can cause thirst, agitation, and restlessness. The nurse should monitor the patient's ﬂuid balance, vital signs, and serum sodium level, and administer ﬂuids or diuretics as ordered.

A. Anticipate the administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate. B. Prepare to start an intravenous ﬂuid bolus using isotonic ﬂuids. C. Immediately administer oxygen via a mask and monitor oxygen saturation. D. Encourage the patient to breathe in and out slowly into a paper bag.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Anticipating the administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate is incorrect because this would increase the pH and worsen the alkalosis. Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis.

Choice B: Preparing to start an intravenous ﬂuid bolus using isotonic ﬂuids is incorrect because this would not aﬀect the pH or the PaCO2. Isotonic ﬂuids are used to treat ﬂuid volume deficit, not respiratory alkalosis.

Choice C: Immediately administering oxygen via a mask and monitoring oxygen saturation is incorrect because this would decrease the respiratory drive and increase the PaCO2. Oxygen therapy is used to treat hypoxemia, not respiratory alkalosis.

Choice D: Encouraging the patient to breathe in and out slowly into a paper bag is correct because this would increase the PaCO2 and lower the pH. Rebreathing carbon dioxide is a common treatment for respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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