A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Limit intake of canned soups.

Choose botled salad dressings.

Choose diet sodas over botled water.

Replace processed meats with fresh meat products.

Read labels on foods before eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A: Limit intake of canned soups is correct because canned soups are high in sodium and can increase blood
pressure and ﬂuid retention. The nurse should advise the client to choose low-sodium or homemade soups instead.

Choice B: Choose botled salad dressings is incorrect because botled salad dressings are also high in sodium and can have added sugars and fats. The nurse should advise the client to make their own salad dressings with vinegar, oil, herbs, and spices.

Choice C: Choose diet sodas over botled water is incorrect because diet sodas are not a healthy alternative to water. Diet sodas contain artificial sweeteners, caﬀeine, and phosphoric acid, which can aﬀect the body's pH balance and calcium absorption. The nurse should advise the client to drink plain water or ﬂavored water with natural ingredients.

Choice D: Replace processed meats with fresh meat products is correct because processed meats such as bacon, ham, sausage, and hot dogs are high in sodium and preservatives. The nurse should advise the client to choose fresh meat products such as chicken, turkey, fish, or lean beef.

Choice E: Read labels on foods before eating is correct because reading labels can help the client identify the sodium content and other ingredients in foods. The nurse should advise the client to look for foods that have less than 140 mg of sodium per serving and avoid foods that have salt, sodium, or monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the ingredient list.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: A client who is taking a thiazide diuretic is not at risk for metabolic acidosis, but rather for metabolic alkalosis. This is a condition that occurs when the body has too much bicarbonate or loses too much acid. This can happen in patients who take thiazide diuretics, which increase the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, but also cause the retention of bicarbonate.

Choice B: A client who has diarrhea is at risk for metabolic acidosis, because this condition occurs when the body produces too much acid or loses too much bicarbonate. This can happen in patients who have diarrhea, which causes the loss of intestinal ﬂuids that contain bicarbonate and other bases.

Choice C: A client who is vomiting is not at risk for metabolic acidosis, but rather for metabolic alkalosis. This is a condition that occurs when the body has too much bicarbonate or loses too much acid. This can happen in patients who have vomiting, which causes the loss of gastric ﬂuids that contain hydrochloric acid and other acids.

Choice D: A client who has salicylate intoxication is at risk for metabolic acidosis, because this condition occurs when the body produces too much acid or loses too much bicarbonate. This can happen in patients who have salicylate intoxication, which is a toxic reaction to aspirin or other salicylates. Salicylates increase the production of organic acids and interfere with the renal excretion of acids.

A. Almonds B. White rice C. Seafood D. Lean red meat E. Romaine letuce

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is correct because almonds are a rich source of magnesium, which is a mineral that is essential for nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and bone health. A serum magnesium level of 1.4 mg/dL indicates hypomagnesemia, which is a low level of magnesium in the blood. Hypomagnesemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, tremors, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should encourage the patient to eat foods high in magnesium, such as almonds, which contain about 80 mg of magnesium per ounce.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because white rice is a poor source of magnesium, as most of the magnesium is lost during the refining process. White rice contains only about 19 mg of magnesium per cup, which is not enough to meet the daily requirement of 310 to 420 mg for adults. The nurse should advise the patient to choose whole grains instead of refined grains, as they have more magnesium and other nutrients.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because seafood is a moderate source of magnesium, but not as high as almonds or other nuts and seeds. Seafood contains about 30 to 50 mg of magnesium per 3-ounce serving, depending on the

type and preparation method. The nurse should inform the patient that seafood can be part of a balanced diet, but it

is not the best choice for increasing magnesium intake.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because lean red meat is a low source of magnesium, as most of the magnesium is found in the bones and organs of animals. Lean red meat contains only about 20 mg of magnesium per 3-ounce serving, which is less than 10% of the daily requirement. The nurse should caution the patient that lean red meat can also be high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because romaine letuce is a very low source of magnesium, as most leafy greens have low mineral content due to their high water content. Romaine letuce contains only about 7 mg of magnesium per cup, which is negligible compared to the daily requirement. The nurse should suggest the patient to add other vegetables that are higher in magnesium, such as spinach, broccoli, or potatoes, to their salads.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is on a low-sodium diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for metabolic acidosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The patient who has a serum magnesium level of 1.4 mg/dL is being treated with dietary modification. Which foods should the nurse suggest for this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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