A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for respiratory alkalosis?

A client who is taking a thiazide diuretic.

A client who is vomiting.

A client who has salicylate intoxication.

A client who has hypoventilation.

None

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is Choice C.

Choice A rationale: Thiazide diuretics cause potassium and chloride loss, leading to metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory alkalosis. Hypokalemia decreases hydrogen ion excretion, increasing bicarbonate levels. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by pH >7.45 and HCO₃⁻ >26 mEq/L rather than decreased PaCO₂.

Choice B rationale: Vomiting leads to metabolic alkalosis due to gastric acid loss. Hydrogen ion depletion increases bicarbonate concentration, shifting pH above normal. Arterial blood gases typically show increased HCO₃⁻ (>26 mEq/L) with a compensatory increase in PaCO₂ (>45 mmHg), not respiratory alkalosis.

Choice C rationale: Salicylate intoxication initially induces hyperventilation, reducing PaCO₂ levels below 35 mmHg and increasing pH above 7.45, leading to respiratory alkalosis. As toxicity progresses, metabolic acidosis may develop due to lactic acid accumulation, but early stages primarily present with respiratory alkalosis.

Choice D rationale: Hypoventilation leads to CO₂ retention, increasing PaCO₂ above 45 mmHg, forming carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) and causing respiratory acidosis. Blood gases show pH <7.35 with elevated PaCO₂, not respiratory alkalosis, which is caused by excessive CO₂ elimination through hyperventilation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is choice **b. Hearing loss**.

Choice A rationale:

Cataracts are not a common finding in newborns with congenital CMV infection. Cataracts are more commonly associated with other congenital infections like rubella, toxoplasmosis, and herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Choice B rationale:

Hearing loss is one of the most common manifestations of congenital CMV infection. Up to 40-58% of infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection develop sensorineural hearing loss, which can be unilateral or bilateral, and progressive over time.

Choice C rationale:

Macrosomia, or large birth size, is not a typical finding in congenital CMV infection. In fact, infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection are more likely to be small for gestational age or have intrauterine growth restriction.

Choice D rationale:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is not a common presentation of congenital CMV infection. CMV can cause inclusion bodies in the urine, but overt UTI is not a typical finding. More common manifestations include petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, and central nervous system involvement.

A. "The nurse should determine the Apgar score at 2 and 7 minutes after birth.”. B. "The nurse should identify that the newborn is in severe distress with an Apgar score of 8.”. C. "The nurse should wait for the first Apgar score before initiating resuscitation efforts.”. D. "The nurse should measure the newborn's muscle tone when assigning an Apgar score.".

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is choice d. “The nurse should measure the newborn’s muscle tone when assigning an Apgar score.”

Choice A rationale:

The Apgar score is determined at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, not at 2 and 7 minutes.

Choice B rationale:

An Apgar score of 8 indicates that the newborn is in good health, not severe distress. Scores of 7-10 are considered normal.

Choice C rationale:

Resuscitation efforts should not be delayed until the first Apgar score is obtained. Immediate resuscitation is initiated if needed, regardless of the Apgar score.

Choice D rationale:

Muscle tone is one of the five criteria assessed in the Apgar score, along with appearance, pulse, grimace, and respiration.

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A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for respiratory alkalosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a newborn whose mother had a primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy. The newborn acquired CMV transplacentally. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the newborn to exhibit?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a newly hired nurse about Apgar scoring. Which of the following statements by the newly hired nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for respiratory alkalosis?

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