A nursing preceptor is reviewing life expectancy in the twentieth century with a new nurse. The nurse should recognize that which of the following was most responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century.
Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
Sanitation and other public health activities
Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
Use of antibiotics to fight infections
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Advances in surgical techniques and procedures have improved the outcomes of many patients, but they are not the main factor for the increase in life expectancy. Surgical interventions are often costly, risky, and inaccessible to many people, especially in developing countries.
Choice B reason: Sanitation and other public health activities have had a significant impact on reducing mortality from infectious diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis. These activities include providing safe water, improving hygiene, promoting vaccination, and controlling vector-borne diseases. Sanitation and public health measures are relatively low-cost, effective, and preventive strategies that can benefit large populations.
Choice C reason: Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research have contributed to the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. However, these technologies are often expensive, complex, and dependent on specialized equipment and personnel. Therefore, they are not the main reason for the increase in life expectancy.
Choice D reason: The use of antibiotics to fight infections has been a major breakthrough in medicine, saving millions of lives from bacterial infections. However, antibiotics have also led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to public health. Moreover, antibiotics are not effective against viral infections, such as influenza, HIV, and COVID-19. Therefore, antibiotics are not the most responsible factor for the increase in life expectancy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Reviewing communicable disease statistics. This is incorrect because this is an example of descriptive epidemiology, not analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology describes the distribution and patterns of health events in populations, such as the frequency, location, and time of occurrence.
Choice B: Tracking locations where family violence is increasing. This is incorrect because this is also an example of descriptive epidemiology, not analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology tracks the trends and variations of health problems in different groups or areas.
Choice C: Describing population characteristics for healthy older citizens. This is incorrect because this is another example of descriptive epidemiology, not analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology provides information about the demographic and social factors that influence health outcomes.
Choice D: Identifying factors contributing to childhood obesity. This is correct because this is an example of analytic epidemiology. Analytic epidemiology investigates the causes and associations of health events in populations, such as the risk factors, exposures, or interventions that affect health outcomes. Analytic epidemiology often uses comparison groups to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: "Diet and exercise is good for you and good for your heart." This statement is true, but it is not the appropriate nursing response. It does not address the client's concerns or provide any specific information about cardiac rehabilitation. It may also sound dismissive or patronizing to the client.
Choice B reason: "It's not unusual to feel that way at first, but once you learn the routine, you'll enjoy it." This statement is empathetic, but it is not the appropriate nursing response. It does not explain the purpose or benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. It may also sound unrealistic or optimistic to the client.
Choice C reason: "Cardiac rehabilitation cannot undo the damage to your heart, but it can help you get back to your previous level of activity safely." This statement is the appropriate nursing response. It acknowledges the client's condition and provides factual information about cardiac rehabilitation. It also emphasizes the positive outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation, such as improving physical function, reducing symptoms, and preventing further complications.
Choice D reason: "Your doctor is the expert here, and I'm sure he would only recommend what is best for you." This statement is respectful, but it is not the appropriate nursing response. It does not answer the client's question or provide any education about cardiac rehabilitation. It may also sound evasive or deferential to the client.
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