A nurse manager is planning a staff in-service to address advocacy in client care.
The nurse should promote which of the following practices during the in-service? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale:

Lavender oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and is known for its calming effects. However, it can trigger respiratory issues in individuals with asthma. Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, which can be exacerbated by inhaling certain substances, including strong odors and essential oils. Lavender oil, when inhaled, can potentially irritate the airways and worsen asthma symptoms. Therefore, a history of asthma is a contraindication for using lavender oil.

Choice B rationale:

Furosemide is a diuretic commonly used to treat fluid retention (edema) and hypertension. It works by increasing urine production and removing excess fluid from the body. Furosemide does not interact with lavender oil directly, and there is no known contraindication between these two substances.

Choice C rationale:

Alcohol use disorder is a condition characterized by an inability to control or stop alcohol consumption despite negative consequences. While alcohol abuse can have various health implications, it does not specifically interact with lavender oil in a way that constitutes a contraindication.

Choice D rationale:

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including immune system support and collagen synthesis. There is no evidence to suggest that taking vitamin C daily contraindicates the use of lavender oil. These two substances do not interact in a way that poses a risk to the individual.

The correct answer is Choice b: New onset of hearing loss.

Gentamicin, a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic, is renowned for its propensity to cause ototoxicity, particularly manifesting as new-onset hearing loss. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear structures responsible for hearing and balance, primarily the cochlea and vestibular apparatus. The mechanism of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity involves its accumulation in the endolymphatic fluid of the inner ear, leading to direct toxicity to the sensory hair cells and subsequent hearing impairment.

Manifestations of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity can vary, ranging from subtle high-frequency hearing loss to profound sensorineural deafness. Patients may experience tinnitus (ringing in the ears), difficulty hearing in noisy environments, and imbalance or vertigo. Notably, gentamicin-induced hearing loss is often irreversible and may progress even after discontinuation of the medication.

Now, let's delve into the rationales for the other choices:

Choice a: Hypotension Gentamicin administration is not typically associated with hypotension. However, systemic side effects such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity can occur, particularly with prolonged or high-dose therapy. Nephrotoxicity may manifest as acute kidney injury, characterized by a rise in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, oliguria, and fluid-electrolyte imbalances. Neurotoxicity, on the other hand, can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, paresthesia, and confusion. Monitoring of blood pressure is essential in patients receiving gentamicin, but hypotension is not a direct adverse effect of the medication.

Choice c: Hyperthermia Gentamicin therapy is aimed at treating bacterial infections, such as pyelonephritis, and does not typically induce hyperthermia. Pyelonephritis itself is associated with fever, chills, and flank pain due to the inflammatory response to the urinary tract infection. Administration of gentamicin aims to eradicate the causative bacteria and resolve the underlying infection, which should, in turn, alleviate fever. However, persistent or worsening fever despite antibiotic therapy may indicate treatment failure or the presence of complicating factors, warranting further evaluation and management.

Choice d: Slurred speech Slurred speech is not a recognized adverse effect of gentamicin. Instead, it may suggest central nervous system involvement, such as cerebrovascular accidents (strokes), intoxication, or neurological disorders affecting speech production. Gentamicin primarily exerts its toxic effects on the inner ear structures, leading to auditory dysfunction rather than impairments in speech articulation. Therefore, the presence of slurred speech would prompt an assessment for alternative etiologies unrelated to gentamicin therapy.

In conclusion, while gentamicin is an effective antibiotic for treating infections, it carries the risk of ototoxicity, particularly manifested as new-onset hearing loss. Careful monitoring for this adverse effect is crucial to promptly identify and manage potential complications.