A charge nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse provide care for a client who is postoperative.

The newly licensed nurse tells the client that she will insert a urinary catheter if the client will not void.

Which of the following torts should the charge nurse identify as having occurred?

The correct answer is Choice B

Choice A rationale: Advance directives are voluntary and revocable; clients can change their decisions at any time as long as they are mentally competent.

Choice B rationale: Discussing advance directives with family ensures clarity, reduces future conflict, and supports informed decision-making aligned with the client’s wishes.

Choice C rationale: Witnesses are typically required, but a partner’s presence is not legally mandated unless designated as a healthcare proxy.

Choice D rationale: Notarization is not universally required; validity depends on state laws, and many jurisdictions accept signed and witnessed documents without attorney involvement.

The correct answer is Choice D.

Choice A rationale: Acupuncture is typically administered by a trained acupuncturist, not by the nurse. It is not commonly initiated upon arrival at the labor unit.

Choice B rationale: Biofeedback is a technique that usually requires prior training and practice; it is not typically taught for the first time at the beginning of labor.

Choice C rationale: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can help manage back pain during labor but is not specifically used for pelvic pressure.

Choice D rationale: Using an ultrasound picture as a focal point during contractions is a common nonpharmacological pain management technique. Focal points help the client concentrate and manage pain through visualization and distraction.