A nurse is to infuse two 1L bags of normal saline to a patient at 80ml/hr. How many hours will it take to infuse the total amount of normal saline? Round to the whole number. Assume no interruptions in the infusion.

A. McBurney's point on the abdomen: McBurney's point is a location in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen that is significant in the assessment for appendicitis. It is not relevant to the assessment of pyelonephritis, which is a kidney infection.

B. Psoas sign at the knee: The psoas sign is a test for appendicitis, not pyelonephritis. It involves the patient lying on their back and lifting their right leg against resistance. If this movement causes pain in the lower right abdomen, it could indicate irritation of the psoas muscle due to an inflamed appendix.

C. Rovsing's Sign on the abdomen: Rovsing's sign is also a test for appendicitis. It involves palpating the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and observing if it causes pain in the right lower quadrant. The presence of pain in the right lower quadrant during palpation of the left lower quadrant can indicate appendicitis. This sign is not specific to pyelonephritis.

D. Costovertebral angle (CVA) on the back: The CVA is located on the back at the angle formed by the 12th rib and the spine. Percussion of the CVA is a common technique used to assess for kidney tenderness. In the case of acute pyelonephritis, infection and inflammation of the kidneys can cause tenderness and pain in the CVA area. Therefore, this area is assessed for pain related to kidney infections like pyelonephritis.

A. Void every 6 to 8 hours:This interval may not be frequent enough. It is generally recommended to void every 2 to 3 hours to help flush out bacteria and reduce the risk of infection.

B. Avoid voiding immediately after sexual intercourse.This is not recommended. It is actually advised to void immediately after sexual intercourse to help flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urethra.

C. Take a bubble bath daily and keep the perineal region clean:
While keeping the perineal region clean is important for general hygiene, taking bubble baths and using heavily scented products can irritate the urethra and potentially increase the risk of UTIs. The nurse should advise against frequent bubble baths and suggest using mild, unscented soaps for the perineal area.

D. Increase the daily amount of water consumed:
Drinking more water helps increase urine output, which helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and can reduce the risk of recurrent UTIs.