A nurse is teaching the guardians of a toddler who has a cognitive delay. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale:

This is not a priority intervention for a client who is in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs as indicated, but blood pressure is not likely to be affected by mania unless the client has a preexisting condition or is taking medications that affect blood pressure.

Choice B rationale:

This is not an appropriate intervention for a client who is in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. The nurse should not restrict the client's physical activity, as this can increase their frustration and agitation. The nurse should provide a safe environment for the client to expend their energy and channel it into productive activities.

Choice C rationale:

This is not a suitable intervention for a client who is in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. The nurse should avoid stimulating the client's already elevated mood and arousal, as this can worsen their symptoms and increase their risk of injury or aggression. The nurse should limit the client's exposure to noise, crowds, and bright lights, and provide them with opportunities for rest and quiet time.

Choice D rationale:

A client who is in the manic phase of bipolar disorder has increased energy, activity, and metabolism, which can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies. The nurse should provide the client with high-calorie finger foods that are easy to eat and do not require utensils or sitting down. This way, the nurse can help the client meet their nutritional needs while respecting their need for movement and autonomy.

Choice A rationale:

Scheduling appointments earlier in the day accommodates the client's potential "on" periods when Parkinson's symptoms are better controlled.

Choice B rationale:

Looking down at the feet while walking is a technique that can help improve gait and stability, as Parkinson's disease often affects balance.

Choice C rationale:

Thicker liquids are less likely to cause aspiration in individuals with Parkinson's disease, as they can have difficulty coordinating the muscles needed for swallowing.

Choice D rationale:

Constipation is a common issue in Parkinson's disease due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. However, focusing on dietary fiber and fluid intake is preferred before considering laxatives.