A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant who has heart failure about meeting the infant's nutritional needs. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

I will allow my baby to take as much time as needed to finish the bottle.

I will add Polycose to each of my baby's bottles.

I will feed my baby on a schedule every 4 hours.

I will limit my baby's crying to 15 minutes prior to each feeding.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is: B. I will add Polycose to each of my baby's bottles.

Choice A reason:

Allowing the baby to take as much time as needed to finish the bottle is not ideal for infants with heart failure. These infants often tire easily and may not consume enough calories if feeding sessions are prolonged. Shorter, more frequent feedings are generally recommended to ensure adequate intake without exhausting the infant.

Choice B reason:

Adding Polycose to each bottle is an effective way to increase the caloric density of the infant's feedings. Infants with heart failure have higher caloric needs due to their increased metabolic demands and may struggle to consume enough calories through regular formula or breast milk alone. Polycose, a carbohydrate supplement, helps meet these increased nutritional needs.

Choice C reason:

Feeding the baby on a schedule every 4 hours may not be sufficient for an infant with heart failure. These infants often require more frequent feedings to meet their caloric needs and to prevent fatigue during feeding. Feeding every 1-3 hours is typically recommended to ensure they receive adequate nutrition.

Choice D reason:

Limiting the baby's crying to 15 minutes prior to each feeding does not directly address the nutritional needs of an infant with heart failure. While managing crying is important to reduce energy expenditure, the focus should be on providing adequate nutrition through frequent, high-calorie feedings.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Blood pressure is not the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as it can be affected by many other factors, such as cardiac output, vascular resistance, and blood volume. Blood pressure may not change significantly until the fluid loss is severe and the compensatory mechanisms are overwhelmed.

Choice B reason: Respiratory rate is not the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as it can be affected by many other factors, such as oxygen demand, carbon dioxide levels, acid-base balance, and respiratory infections. Respiratory rate may increase as a result of fluid loss, but it is not a specific or sensitive sign.

Choice C reason: Skin integrity is not the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as it can be affected by many other factors, such as age, nutrition, hydration, and skin diseases. Skin integrity may deteriorate as a result of fluid loss, but it is not a quantitative or objective measure.

Choice D reason: Body weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as it reflects the changes in the total body water and electrolytes. Body weight can be measured easily and accurately, and it can be compared with the previous or baseline values. A loss of more than 5% of the body weight indicates moderate dehydration, and a loss of more than 10% indicates severe dehydration.

A. 0.5 mL/kg/hr B. 2 mL/kg/hr C. 15 mL/kg/hr D. 75 mL/kg/hr

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is b. 2 mL/kg/hr. This is within the normal range for infants, indicating adequate hydration.

Choice A reason:

0.5 mL/kg/hr: This is below the normal range for infants, indicating possible dehydration3. Normal urinary output for infants is typically 1-2 mL/kg/hr.

Choice B reason:

2 mL/kg/hr: This is within the normal range for infants, indicating that the fluid imbalance has been corrected.

Choice C reason:

15 mL/kg/hr: This is excessively high and could indicate overhydration or other issues1. Such high output is not typical for infants.

Choice D reason:

75 mL/kg/hr: This is extremely high and unrealistic for normal urinary output1. It suggests a measurement error or a severe medical condition.

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A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant who has heart failure about meeting the infant's nutritional needs. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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