A nurse on an oncology unit is assessing a child who has a brain tumor. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A reason: Ridged abdomen is not an expected finding for an infant who has pyloric stenosis, as it indicates abdominal rigidity or guarding, which can be a sign of peritonitis or bowel obstruction. Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, which causes gastric outlet obstruction and delayed gastric emptying.

Choice B reason: Red currant jelly stools are not an expected finding for an infant who has pyloric stenosis, as they indicate blood and mucus in the stools, which can be a sign of intussusception or necrotizing enterocolitis. Pyloric stenosis does not affect the lower gastrointestinal tract, and the infant may have constipation or dehydration due to vomiting.

Choice C reason: Projectile vomiting is an expected finding for an infant who has pyloric stenosis, as it occurs after feeding due to the increased pressure in the stomach and the inability to pass food into the duodenum. Projectile vomiting can cause weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic alkalosis.

Choice D reason: Distended neck veins are not an expected finding for an infant who has pyloric stenosis, as they indicate increased central venous pressure, which can be a sign of heart failure or superior vena cava syndrome. Pyloric stenosis does not affect the cardiovascular system, and the infant may have sunken fontanels or poor skin turgor due to dehydration.

Choice A reason: Bleeding precaution is indicated for a child who has leukemia and a critically low platelet count, as it reduces the risk of hemorrhage and injury. The nurse should monitor the child for signs of bleeding, such as petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, hematuria, and melena. The nurse should also avoid invasive procedures, use soft-bristled toothbrushes, apply pressure to venipuncture sites, and administer platelet transfusions as prescribed.

Choice B reason: Droplet precaution is not indicated for a child who has leukemia and a critically low platelet count, unless the child has a respiratory infection that is transmitted by droplets. Droplet precaution involves wearing a mask when within 3 feet of the child, and placing the child in a private room or with a roommate who has the same infection.

Choice C reason: Neutropenic precaution is indicated for a child who has leukemia and a critically low neutrophil count, as it reduces the risk of infection and sepsis. Neutropenic precaution involves placing the child in a private room with positive pressure airflow, wearing gloves, gown, and mask when entering the room, and restricting visitors who are ill or immunocompromised.

Choice D reason: Contact precaution is not indicated for a child who has leukemia and a critically low platelet count, unless the child has a skin or wound infection that is transmitted by direct or indirect contact. Contact precaution involves wearing gloves and gown when entering the room, and placing the child in a private room or with a roommate who has the same infection.