A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for disulfiram. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication."

"Do not crush this medication before swallowing."

"Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication."

"Take this medication with food."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication": Disulfiram is a medication used to deter alcohol consumption by producing unpleasant effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and flushing, if alcohol is consumed. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to abstain from alcohol while taking disulfiram to avoid these adverse reactions.

B. "Do not crush this medication before swallowing": While it is generally important not to alter the formulation of medications unless instructed by a healthcare provider or indicated in the medication's instructions, crushing disulfiram is not typically a concern. However, the primary focus of disulfiram therapy is the avoidance of alcohol, rather than specific administration instructions.

C. "Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication": Grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, affecting drug metabolism. However, there is no significant interaction between disulfiram and grapefruit juice. Therefore, this information is not relevant to disulfiram therapy.

D. "Take this medication with food": Disulfiram is typically taken on an empty stomach, as food can interfere with its absorption. Therefore, advising the client to take disulfiram with food is not accurate and may compromise its effectiveness. The primary concern with disulfiram therapy is adherence to abstinence from alcohol.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Brain natriuretic peptide - Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is primarily used to diagnose heart failure and assess its severity. It is not routinely monitored in clients taking lithium.

B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and is not specifically related to lithium therapy monitoring.

C. Thyroid hormone assay - Monitoring thyroid function is essential in clients taking lithium because lithium can affect thyroid function, leading to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, checking thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, and TSH) is important before administering lithium.

D. Liver function tests - While lithium can affect liver function in some cases, routine monitoring of liver function tests is not typically required for clients taking lithium. However, periodic liver function tests may be ordered if clinically indicated or if the client has underlying liver disease.

A. Tap the top of the ampule. place a sterile gauze pad around the ampule neck, and break off the top by bending it toward the body. B. Tap the bottom of the ampule, place a gauze pad around the ampule neck, and break off the bottom with a forward motion away from the body. C. Wear sterile gloves and break off the neck of the glass ampule with a single snap in a downward motion. D. Wear sterile gloves and break off the neck of the glass ampule with a single snap to the right side.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

When opening a glass ampule, it's essential to use the correct technique to prevent injury and ensure sterility. Here's the rationale for each option:

A. Tap the top of the ampule, place a sterile gauze pad around the ampule neck, and break off the top by bending it toward the body: This technique is correct. Tapping the top of the ampule helps dislodge any medication that may be trapped in the neck. Placing a sterile gauze pad around the neck provides a barrier to protect against injury from glass shards. Breaking off the top by bending it toward the body helps prevent spillage of the medication.

B. Tap the bottom of the ampule, place a gauze pad around the ampule neck, and break off the bottom with a forward motion away from the body: Tapping the bottom of the ampule is unnecessary and may increase the risk of breakage. Breaking off the bottom with a forward motion away from the body is not the recommended technique for opening a glass ampule.

C. Wear sterile gloves and break off the neck of the glass ampule with a single snap in a downward motion: This technique does not involve the use of a gauze pad to protect against injury, which is essential for safe medication administration.

D. Wear sterile gloves and break off the neck of the glass ampule with a single snap to the right side: Breaking off the neck with a single snap to the right side is not a recommended technique. Additionally, using sterile gloves alone may not provide sufficient protection against injury from glass shards.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for disulfiram. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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