A nurse is teaching a client about medications that prevent osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following medications is prescribed to prevent osteoporosis?

Raloxifene

Calcitonin

Allopurinol

Levothyroxine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice a) Raloxifene:
Raloxifene is part of a class of drugs known as selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs). It works by imitating the beneficial effects of the hormone estrogen on your bones, helping to prevent bone loss and improve density. Therefore, it is used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Choice b) Calcitonin:
Calcitonin is a hormone that a person’s thyroid gland produces. It helps regulate the amount of calcium in the body. For the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, scientists typically extract calcitonin from salmon. This is because salmon calcitonin has a much higher potency than human calcitonin. Osteoclasts are cells in the body that degrade bone. Calcitonin can inhibit osteoclasts. This helps slow the loss of bone density and increases bone mass, hindering the progression of osteoporosis.

Choice c) Allopurinol:
Allopurinol is primarily used to treat gout and certain types of kidney stones. It is not typically used in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.

Choice d) Levothyroxine:
Levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). It is not typically used in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. However, if you are prescribed levothyroxine you should have regular blood tests, at least once a year, to ensure your thyroid hormone levels are not too high. Continuous high thyroid hormone levels may lead to developing or worsening of low bone density and osteoporosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that can be used to treat and prevent seizures. Headache and restlessness could be signs of neurological irritation or an impending seizure, which phenytoin can help to manage. It is important to monitor the client's neurological status closely following hemodialysis, as changes in electrolyte balance can affect neuronal activity.

Choice B reason:
Decreased blood pressure and rapid pulse are not typical indications for administering phenytoin. These symptoms could indicate hypovolemia or other cardiovascular issues that may occur after hemodialysis, which would require different interventions.

Choice C reason:
Muscle cramps and chest heaviness are not indications for phenytoin administration. Muscle cramps can be a common side effect of hemodialysis due to electrolyte shifts, and chest heaviness may indicate cardiovascular strain or other complications.

Choice D reason:
Pain and tingling at the access site are typically related to the vascular access itself and are not treated with phenytoin. These symptoms may require assessment for potential complications such as infection or thrombosis at the access site.

A. Dosage of the medication will be reduced during pregnancy. B. Dietary modifications occur during pregnancy when taking this medication. C. The client can breastfeed when taking this medication. D. The medication should be discontinued 3 months prior to a planned pregnancy.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Reducing the dosage of methotrexate during pregnancy is not a safe option because methotrexate is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its potential to cause birth defects and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Choice B reason:
While dietary modifications may be necessary during pregnancy, this is not specifically related to the use of methotrexate. The primary concern with methotrexate and pregnancy is the risk it poses to the developing fetus, not dietary interactions.

Choice C reason:
Breastfeeding while taking methotrexate is not recommended. Methotrexate can be excreted in breast milk and may harm a nursing infant.

Choice D reason:
Methotrexate should indeed be discontinued at least 3 months prior to a planned pregnancy. This is to ensure that the drug is completely cleared from the body, as it can cause serious birth defects and other pregnancy-related complications.

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A nurse is teaching a client about medications that prevent osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following medications is prescribed to prevent osteoporosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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