A nurse is caring for a client with a chronic wound. Which of the following is a systemic cause of chronic wounds?
Infection
Malnutrition
Continued pressure
Venous insufficiency
The Correct Answer is B
A. Infection: While infection can certainly delay wound healing and contribute to the development of chronic wounds, it is more of a local factor rather than a systemic cause. Infections can hinder the normal healing process and lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and prolonged wound healing.
B. Malnutrition
A chronic wound is a wound that fails to progress through the normal stages of healing in an orderly and timely manner. Systemic factors can significantly impact wound healing, and malnutrition is one such systemic cause. Malnutrition, which refers to an inadequate intake or absorption of nutrients essential for healing, can impair the body's ability to repair tissues, fight infection, and generate new cells.
C. Continued pressure: Prolonged pressure, such as that experienced in pressure ulcers, can lead to tissue ischemia (lack of blood flow) and tissue necrosis, resulting in chronic wounds. However, this is considered a local factor related to the specific site of the wound and pressure-related damage.
D. Venous insufficiency: Venous insufficiency can cause chronic wounds, particularly venous ulcers, due to impaired venous return leading to increased pressure in the veins of the lower extremities. This pressure can result in tissue damage and poor wound healing. While venous insufficiency is a systemic condition, it primarily affects specific areas of the body (such as the lower legs) and is more directly related to the development of localized chronic wounds in those areas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Body mass index (BMI) of 19:
A BMI of 19 falls within the normal weight range. While obesity (high BMI) is a known risk factor for surgical complications, including SSIs, having a lower BMI (underweight) like 19 may not directly increase the risk of SSIs. However, extreme malnutrition or low BMI due to underlying health conditions could potentially impact wound healing and immune function, indirectly contributing to infection risk.
B. History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT):
A history of deep vein thrombosis is a risk factor for surgical complications, including SSIs. Patients with a history of DVT may have impaired circulation or underlying vascular issues, which can affect tissue perfusion, wound healing, and increase the risk of infections.
C. Aged 55 years old:
Age is a risk factor for surgical complications, including SSIs. Older adults, typically defined as those aged 65 and above, may have reduced immune function, slower wound healing, and underlying health conditions that contribute to infection risk. While 55 years old is not considered advanced age in terms of surgical risk, older age in general is associated with a higher risk of complications.
D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for SSIs. Diabetes can impair immune function, delay wound healing, and increase susceptibility to infections. Poorly controlled blood sugar levels in diabetic patients can further exacerbate the risk of SSIs post-surgery.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis:
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and a low bicarbonate level (<22 mEq/L) due to an excess of acids in the body or a loss of bicarbonate. However, in the given ABG values, the pH is low (7.22), but the bicarbonate level is elevated (28 mEq/L), which does not align with metabolic acidosis. Therefore, metabolic acidosis is not the correct interpretation in this case.
B. Respiratory acidosis:
Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is inadequate removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the lungs, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood and a decrease in pH. In the ABG values provided, the pH is low (7.22), and the PaCO2 is elevated (68 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis as the primary disturbance. This interpretation is supported by the elevated PaCO2 and the low pH, making it the correct choice based on the given data.
C. Respiratory alkalosis:
Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation, leading to excessive elimination of CO2 and a decrease in PaCO2 levels. However, in the ABG values presented, the PaCO2 is elevated (68 mm Hg), which contradicts the expected decrease seen in respiratory alkalosis. Therefore, respiratory alkalosis is not the correct interpretation of the ABG values in this case.
D. Metabolic alkalosis:
Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (>7.45) and a high bicarbonate level (>26 mEq/L) due to excessive loss of acids or an increase in bicarbonate levels. However, in the ABG values provided, the pH is low (7.22), and the bicarbonate level is elevated (28 mEq/L), which is not consistent with metabolic alkalosis. Therefore, metabolic alkalosis is not the correct interpretation based on the given data.
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