A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who had a myocardial infarction 3 hr ago. The nurse should expect which of the following laboratory values to be elevated?

Serum amylase

Unconjugated bilirubin

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

Troponin I

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Serum amylase: Serum amylase is an enzyme associated with pancreatic function, and its elevation is not specific to myocardial infarction.

B. Unconjugated bilirubin: Elevation of unconjugated bilirubin is associated with liver function and hemolysis, not specifically with myocardial infarction.

C. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): While AST may be elevated in conditions affecting the heart, it is not as specific or sensitive for myocardial infarction as troponin I.

D. Troponin I: This is the correct answer. Troponin I is a cardiac-specific biomarker released into the bloodstream when there is damage to cardiac muscle, such as during a myocardial infarction. Troponin I levels start to rise within 3-4 hours after the onset of myocardial infarction, making it a crucial marker for early detection.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A friction rub:A friction rub is a sound caused by the rubbing of inflamed pericardial layers and is not classified as a heart sound like S1 or S2. It is unrelated to the sequence of heart sounds.

B. A split second heart sound S₂:A split S₂ occurs during the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves and is heard after S1, not before.

C. The third heart sound (S3):S3, or the ventricular gallop, occurs shortly after S2 during early diastole and indicates rapid ventricular filling. It is not heard before S1.

D. The fourth heart sound (S4):S4, known as the "atrial gallop," occurs just before S1 during atrial contraction. It is associated with a stiff or hypertrophied ventricle and is often indicative of underlying heart disease, especially in older adults.

A. Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible B. Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily C. Helping the client select a low-salt diet D. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible: While maintaining an elevated position can assist with breathing, it may not directly address the issue of tenacious bronchial secretions. Adequate hydration and other measures are often more effective.

B. Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily: This is the correct answer. Adequate hydration helps to thin mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. Drinking 2 to 3 liters of water daily is a helpful strategy to promote hydration and reduce the viscosity of bronchial secretions.

C. Helping the client select a low-salt diet: While a low-salt diet may have cardiovascular benefits, it is not a primary intervention for addressing tenacious bronchial secretions. Hydration and airway clearance techniques are more directly relevant.

D. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min: While oxygen therapy may be necessary in COPD, it is not the primary intervention for managing tenacious bronchial secretions. Hydration and other measures aimed at thinning mucus are more appropriate.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who had a myocardial infarction 3 hr ago. The nurse should expect which of the following laboratory values to be elevated?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and hears an extra heart sound before what should be considered the first heart sound S1. The nurse should document this finding as which of the following heart sounds?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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