A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives.
A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle
A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease
A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease
A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle is not the correct answer because they do not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives are pills that contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation and pregnancy. They can also help reduce menstrual cramps, bleeding, and migraines in some women. However, oral contraceptives may increase the risk of stroke in women who have migraines with aura (visual disturbances), so they should be used with caution and under medical supervision.
Choice B: A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease is not the correct answer because they do not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that affects the female reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. It can be caused by various bacteria, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, and can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Oral contraceptives can help prevent pelvic inflammatory disease by creating a thick cervical mucus that blocks the entry of bacteria into the uterus.
Choice C: A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease is not the correct answer because they do not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Benign breast disease is a term that refers to various noncancerous conditions that affect the breast tissue, such as fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, or mastitis. They can cause symptoms such as breast pain, tenderness, or lumps. Oral contraceptives can help reduce the symptoms of benign breast disease by regulating the hormonal fluctuations that influence breast tissue growth.
Choice D: A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day is the correct answer because they have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Smoking is a habit that involves inhaling tobacco smoke, which contains harmful substances such as nicotine, tar, or carbon monoxide. Smoking can increase the risk of various diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cardiovascular disease. Oral contraceptives can further increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in smokers, especially those who are over 35 years old, by increasing blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and clotting factors. Therefore, oral contraceptives are not recommended for smokers and alternative methods of contraception should be used instead.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Antiestrogens are not a first-line treatment for endometriosis, as they can cause severe side effects such as bone loss, hot flashes, and vaginal dryness.
Choice B reason: Progestins are a first-line treatment for endometriosis, as they can suppress the growth of endometrial tissue and reduce pain and bleeding.
Choice C reason: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are a second-line treatment for endometriosis, as they can induce temporary menopause and cause bone loss, hot flashes, and mood changes.
Choice D reason: NSAIDs are not a treatment for endometriosis, as they can only provide symptomatic relief for pain and inflammation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Vaginal pH of 3 is not the correct answer because it is not a finding of bacterial vaginosis. Vaginal pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline the vaginal environment is. A normal vaginal pH ranges from 3.8 to 4.5, which helps prevent infections by maintaining a balance of healthy bacteria (lactobacilli). Bacterial vaginosis can cause an increase in vaginal pH above 4.5, which allows harmful bacteria (anaerobes) to grow and cause symptoms.
Choice B: Cervical bleeding on contact is not the correct answer because it is not a finding of bacterial vaginosis. Cervical bleeding on contact is a sign of inflammation or injury to the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It can be caused by various factors such as infection, trauma, or cancer. Bacterial vaginosis does not affect the cervix directly, but it can increase the risk of other infections or complications that may cause cervical bleeding.
Choice C: Fishy odor of discharge is the correct answer because it is a finding of bacterial vaginosis. The fishy odor of discharge is a characteristic symptom of bacterial vaginosis that occurs due to the breakdown of organic compounds (amines) by the anaerobic bacteria. The odor is usually more noticeable after sexual intercourse or during menstruation.
Choice D: Yellowish-green discharge is not the correct answer because it is not a finding of bacterial vaginosis. Yellowish-green discharge is a sign of infection or inflammation of the vagina or cervix, such as trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia. These infections can cause symptoms such as itching, burning, or pain in the genital area. Bacterial vaginosis usually causes a thin, gray-white, or milky discharge that does not cause irritation or discomfort.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today