A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives.

A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle

A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease

A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease

A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A: A 26-year-old client who has migraine headaches at the start of each menstrual cycle is not the correct answer because they do not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives are pills that contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation and pregnancy. They can also help reduce menstrual cramps, bleeding, and migraines in some women. However, oral contraceptives may increase the risk of stroke in women who have migraines with aura (visual disturbances), so they should be used with caution and under medical supervision.

Choice B: A 28-year-old client who has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease is not the correct answer because they do not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that affects the female reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. It can be caused by various bacteria, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, and can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Oral contraceptives can help prevent pelvic inflammatory disease by creating a thick cervical mucus that blocks the entry of bacteria into the uterus.

Choice C: A 32-year-old client who has benign breast disease is not the correct answer because they do not have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Benign breast disease is a term that refers to various noncancerous conditions that affect the breast tissue, such as fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, or mastitis. They can cause symptoms such as breast pain, tenderness, or lumps. Oral contraceptives can help reduce the symptoms of benign breast disease by regulating the hormonal fluctuations that influence breast tissue growth.

Choice D: A 38-year-old client who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes every day is the correct answer because they have a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives. Smoking is a habit that involves inhaling tobacco smoke, which contains harmful substances such as nicotine, tar, or carbon monoxide. Smoking can increase the risk of various diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cardiovascular disease. Oral contraceptives can further increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in smokers, especially those who are over 35 years old, by increasing blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and clotting factors. Therefore, oral contraceptives are not recommended for smokers and alternative methods of contraception should be used instead.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Diarrhea is not the correct answer because it is not a common adverse effect of radiation treatment for breast cancer. Diarrhea is a condition that causes loose, watery, or frequent stools. It can be caused by various factors such as infection, medication, or food intolerance. It is more likely to occur as an adverse effect of radiation treatment for cancers that affect the digestive system, such as colorectal or stomach cancer.

Choice B: Anorexia is not the correct answer because it is not a common adverse effect of radiation treatment for breast cancer. Anorexia is a condition that causes loss of appetite or interest in food. It can be caused by various factors such as depression, stress, or nausea. It is more likely to occur as an adverse effect of chemotherapy or other systemic treatments for cancer that affect the whole body.

Choice C: Fatigue is the correct answer because it is a common adverse effect of radiation treatment for breast cancer. Fatigue is a condition that causes extreme tiredness or exhaustion that is not relieved by rest or sleep. It can be caused by various factors such as anemia, inflammation, or pain. It is a common adverse effect of radiation treatment for any type of cancer, as radiation can damage healthy cells and tissues and affect the body's energy production.

Choice D: Alopecia is not the correct answer because it is not a common adverse effect of radiation treatment for breast cancer. Alopecia is a condition that causes hair loss or thinning on the scalp or other parts of the body. It can be caused by various factors such as genetics, hormones, or infection. It is more likely to occur as an adverse effect of chemotherapy or other systemic treatments for cancer that affect the whole body.

A. Danazol B. Penicillin C. Bromocriptine D. Tamoxifen

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A: Danazol is not the correct answer because it is a drug that can be used to treat fibrocystic breast disease. Danazol is a synthetic hormone that reduces the production of estrogen and progesterone, which are involved in the development of breast cysts.

Choice B: Penicillin is the correct answer because it is a drug that has no effect on fibrocystic breast disease. Penicillin is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections, such as strep throat or syphilis. It has no role in the management of fibrocystic breast disease.

Choice C: Bromocriptine is not the correct answer because it is a drug that can be used to treat fibrocystic breast disease. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that inhibits the secretion of prolactin, which is a hormone that stimulates breast tissue growth and milk production.

Choice D: Tamoxifen is not the correct answer because it is a drug that can be used to treat fibrocystic breast disease. Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen that blocks the action of estrogen on breast cells, which can reduce the size and number of breast cysts.

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A nurse is reviewing contraception options for four clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients has a contraindication for receiving oral contraceptives.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a client for radiation treatment who is postoperative following a mastectomy. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects from the treatment?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is working with a woman who has been diagnosed with severe fibrocystic breast disease. After describing the medications that can be used as treatment, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client identifies which drug as being used?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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