A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who will undergo a colonoscopy the following week. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

The correct answer is a. Dysuria and d. Hematuria.

Choice A rationale:

Dysuria, or painful urination, is a common symptom of cystitis due to the inflammation of the bladder lining.

Choice B rationale:

Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is not typically associated with cystitis. Cystitis primarily affects the urinary system and does not usually impact heart rate.

Choice C rationale:

Pruritus, or itching, is not a common symptom of cystitis. Itching is more often associated with skin conditions or allergic reactions.

Choice D rationale:

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can occur with cystitis due to the irritation and inflammation of the bladder lining.

The correct answer is: Choice A: Maintain direct pressure over the site.

Here's the rationale for each choice:

• Choice A: Maintain direct pressure over the site (CORRECT) This is the most important initial step in controlling bleeding for any patient, especially one with hemophilia who has a deficiency in clotting factors. Maintaining pressure directly on the wound helps to form a clot and stop the bleeding.
• Choice B: Check whether the bleeding has stopped While checking for bleeding cessation is important, it shouldn't be the immediate next step after applying a dressing. Maintaining pressure ensures the dressing remains effective. Once pressure is released, you can assess for continued bleeding.
• Choice C: Obtain a radial pulse Assessing the radial pulse is not directly related to managing the bleeding from the laceration. While it's a vital sign, it's not a priority in this situation.
• Choice D: Reinforce the dressing over the site While reinforcing the dressing might be necessary later if it becomes saturated with blood, maintaining direct pressure is the crucial first step.