A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. The client asks, "What causes kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?
"Kidney stones are caused by excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables."
"Kidney stones are primarily caused by genetic factors and family history."
"Kidney stones are the result of an overactive bladder and frequent urination."
"Kidney stones are formed due to the presence of minerals and salts in the urine."
The Correct Answer is D
A. Excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables is not a primary cause of kidney stones. Some specific types of fruits and vegetables may contribute to stone formation, but it is not a general cause.
B. While genetic factors and family history can play a role in kidney stone formation, they are not the primary cause. The presence of minerals and salts in the urine is the main contributing factor.
C. An overactive bladder and frequent urination are not direct causes of kidney stone formation. They may be related to other urinary conditions but not to the formation of kidney stones.
D. This is the correct answer. Kidney stones are formed when certain minerals and salts in the urine form solid crystals that can clump together and grow into stones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Thiazide diuretics do not directly increase the excretion of uric acid. They are primarily used to reduce calcium excretion and prevent the formation of calcium-based stones.
B. This is the correct answer. Thiazide diuretics help reduce the excretion of calcium in the urine, which can be beneficial in preventing the formation of certain types of kidney stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones.
C. Thiazide diuretics do not directly increase the pH of the urine. They primarily reduce calcium excretion.
D. Thiazide diuretics do not dissolve existing kidney stones. They are used to prevent stone formation, not to treat existing stones.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This is the correct answer. After a ureteroscopy, the client may experience postoperative urinary retention due to swelling or irritation in the urethra or bladder. The nurse should monitor for signs of urinary retention and take appropriate measures to address it.
B. Hyperkalemia is not directly related to ureteroscopy. It may occur in certain medical conditions but is not a common complication of this procedure.
C. Hypertension is not directly related to ureteroscopy. While some clients with hypertension may be at increased risk for kidney stones, hypertension is not a common complication of the procedure itself.
D. Hypoglycemia is not related to ureteroscopy. It is a condition related to low blood sugar levels and is not a typical complication of kidney stone removal.
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