A nurse is preparing to instill ear drops to a 3-year-old child. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use?
Pull the auricle down and back,
Pull the auricle up and out.
Pull the auricle down and out.
Pull the auricle up and back.
The Correct Answer is A
Pediatric clients have a straighter and shorter ear canal as compared to adults. Pulling the auricle down and back helps straighten the ear canal, allowing easier administration of the eardrops and ensuring that they reach the tympanic membrane. This technique is preferred to avoid injury to the ear canal and tympanic membrane
B. Pulling the auricle down and out inhibits visualization of the canal
C. Pulling the auricle down and back obstructs the ear canal and hinder the proper administration of eardrops.
D. Pulling the auricle up and out is used in adults
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic window which increase the risk of overdose and toxicity. It is also given at very small doses which could be difficult for the nursing staff to accurately titrate the drops and hence requires an infusion pump
A. Infusion of theophylline loading dose should not exceed 25mg/min due to risk of seizures and cardiac arrhythmias
C. Use of a test dose is not necessary as the risk of hypersensitivity with theophylline is very low.
D. Covering the IV container with dark paper is not necessary for the administration of theophylline.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
In liver cirrhosis, the impaired liver function leads to increased levels of ammonia in the blood. Such high levels can lead to hepatic encephalopathy. Use of lactulose promotes excretion of ammonia through acidification of ammonia to ammonium ions which are not readily absorbed into the blood stream.
A, B, D- Lactulose does not affect potassium, glucose and bicarbonate levels in the bloodstream.
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