A nurse is preparing a client for transfer to the ICU for placement of a pulmonary artery catheter. The nurse should explain to the client that this catheter is used to monitor which of the following conditions?

Hemodynamic status

Spinal cord perfusion

Renal function

Intracranial pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason: This is correct because a pulmonary artery catheter is a device that measures the pressures and ﬂows in the heart and lungs, such as the pulmonary artery pressure, the pulmonary artery wedge pressure, the cardiac output, and the mixed venous oxygen saturation. These parameters reﬂect the hemodynamic status of the client, which is the balance between the cardiac output and the systemic vascular resistance.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because a pulmonary artery catheter does not measure spinal cord perfusion, which is the blood ﬂow to the spinal cord. Spinal cord perfusion can be aﬀected by spinal cord injury, spinal anesthesia, or spinal surgery.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because a pulmonary artery catheter does not measure renal function, which is the ability of the kidneys to filter waste products and maintain ﬂuid and electrolyte balance. Renal function can be assessed by urine output, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because a pulmonary artery catheter does not measure intracranial pressure, which is the pressure inside the skull. Intracranial pressure can be increased by brain injury, stroke, tumor, infection, or hydrocephalus.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Eliciting the gag reﬂex is a way to assess cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus), which are responsible for the sensation and motor function of the pharynx and larynx.

Choice B: Testing visual acuity is a way to assess cranial nerve II (optic), which is responsible for the sense of vision.

Choice C: Observing for facial symmetry is a way to assess cranial nerve VII (facial), which is responsible for the motor function of the facial muscles and the sensation of taste.

Choice D: Checking the pupillary response to light is a way to assess cranial nerve III (oculomotor), which is responsible for the motor function of most of the eye muscles, including those that control pupil size and lens shape.

A. Oral hypoglycemic medications B. 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus C. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride D. Glucocorticoid medications

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because oral hypoglycemic medications are not eﬀective for treating DKA. Oral hypoglycemic medications are drugs that lower the blood glucose level by stimulating insulin secretion or increasing insulin sensitivity. They may be used for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus, but they do not work for clients who have type 1 diabetes mellitus or DKA.

Choice B Reason: This choice is correct because 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus is an eﬀective treatment for DKA. 0.9% sodium chloride is an isotonic solution that contains the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. It may be used for clients who have ﬂuid loss, dehydration, or shock. In DKA, the body breaks down fat for energy due to insulin deficiency or resistance, resulting in high levels of ketones and acids in the blood. This causes osmotic diuresis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, administering 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus can help to restore ﬂuid volume and correct electrolyte imbalance.

Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride is not indicated for treating DKA. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution that contains more solutes than blood plasma. It may be used for clients who have hyponatremia, cerebral edema, or malnutrition, but it can worsen hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis in clients who have DKA.

Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because glucocorticoid medications are not indicated for treating DKA. Glucocorticoid medications are drugs that mimic the eﬀects of cortisol, a hormone that regulates stress response and inﬂammation. They may be used for clients who have allergic reactions, asthma, or autoimmune diseases, but they can increase blood glucose levels and inhibit insulin action in clients who have DKA.

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A nurse is preparing a client for transfer to the ICU for placement of a pulmonary artery catheter. The nurse should explain to the client that this catheter is used to monitor which of the following conditions?

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