A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include about preventing the spread of the infection?
Use condoms with a petroleum-based lubricant.
Buy disposable dishes for daily use.
Clean blood-contaminated surfaces with bleach.
Wash soiled clothes in cold water.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Use condoms with a petroleum-based lubricant: Petroleum-based lubricants can degrade latex condoms, increasing the risk of breakage and HIV transmission. Water- or silicone-based lubricants are recommended to preserve condom integrity.
B. Buy disposable dishes for daily use: HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as sharing dishes or eating utensils. This practice is unnecessary and may contribute to stigma and isolation for individuals living with HIV.
C. Clean blood-contaminated surfaces with bleach: Bleach is effective in inactivating HIV on surfaces. A solution of 1:10 bleach to water is recommended for cleaning any area contaminated with blood or body fluids to reduce transmission risk.
D. Wash soiled clothes in cold water: Cold water is less effective at killing pathogens. Hot water and standard laundry detergent are recommended for properly cleaning clothing contaminated with blood or body fluids.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis: Small bowel obstructions are more commonly associated with metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric contents from vomiting. Acidosis is less typical in the early stages of obstruction.
B. Hyperactive bowel sounds: In nonmechanical (paralytic ileus) obstruction, bowel sounds are usually absent or hypoactive, not hyperactive, due to lack of peristalsis. Hyperactive sounds are more typical in early mechanical obstruction.
C. Distended abdomen: Abdominal distention is a classic sign of bowel obstruction, resulting from gas and fluid accumulation above the site of obstruction. It is expected in both mechanical and nonmechanical types.
D. Passing flatus: The absence of flatus is common in bowel obstruction, as bowel movement is halted. Continued passage of flatus would suggest partial or resolving obstruction, not a typical finding in active nonmechanical obstruction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. “Does the doctor know that you are eating that?”: Questioning the client’s food choice may come across as judgmental and does not address the client’s immediate request or provide support.
B. “The hospital food is more nutritious for you.”: Comparing foods in this way may discourage the client and does not acknowledge cultural preferences or the client’s autonomy in food choices.
C. “Why are you eating seaweed soup?”: Asking “why” can seem confrontational and may make the client feel defensive instead of supported during the postpartum period.
D. "Of course, I will heat that up for you.”: This response respects the client’s autonomy, supports cultural preferences, and provides comfort, which helps build trust and rapport in the nurse-client relationship.
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