A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include about preventing the spread of the infection?

A. Muscle weakness: Hyperkalemia disrupts normal muscle cell function by affecting membrane excitability, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness or even paralysis in severe cases. It is one of the hallmark signs of elevated potassium levels.
B. Oliguria: While hyperkalemia may be associated with renal impairment, oliguria is not a direct manifestation of high potassium but rather a possible contributing factor. It is not specific to hyperkalemia itself.
C. Hypoactive bowel sounds: Increased potassium levels typically cause hyperactivity of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to hyperactive bowel sounds and cramping, not reduced or hypoactive activity.
D. Hypertension: Hyperkalemia more commonly results in hypotension due to its effects on cardiac conduction and vasculature. Hypertension is not a typical manifestation of elevated serum potassium.

A. The first priority is to rescue any individuals in immediate danger. Moving the client ensures their safety before addressing the fire. Delaying this step could expose the client to smoke inhalation or burns.

B. Once the client is safe, the nurse must activate the fire alarm system. This alerts the rest of the facility and triggers the emergency response protocol. Early alarm activation helps prevent the fire from spreading further.

C. Attempting to extinguish the fire comes only after other safety measures. If the fire is small and controllable, using a fire extinguisher may prevent escalation. However, it must only be attempted when it is safe to do so.

D. Closing nearby windows and doors helps contain the fire to one area. This reduces oxygen flow and slows the spread of fire and smoke throughout the unit. Containment is a key step in minimizing damage and injury.