A nurse is planning care for an adolescent who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A. "I will learn how to voluntarily control my blood pressure and heart rate."
This statement indicates the client might be referring to techniques such as biofeedback or relaxation exercises that involve controlling physiological responses consciously. While these are relaxation techniques, they are not specifically cognitive reframing. Cognitive reframing focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

B. "I will practice replacing negative thoughts with positive self-statements."
This statement accurately reflects the concept of cognitive reframing. It involves identifying negative or unhelpful thoughts and consciously replacing them with positive, empowering, or rational thoughts. This technique is widely used in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help individuals manage stress, anxiety, and various mental health issues.

C. "I will focus on a mental image while concentrating on my breathing."
This statement describes a relaxation technique where individuals visualize a calming image and synchronize their breathing with this mental image. While this practice is beneficial for relaxation, it is not cognitive reframing. Cognitive reframing specifically deals with changing the content of thoughts, not necessarily focusing on mental imagery.

D. "I will progressively relax each of my muscle groups when feeling stressed."
This statement describes a relaxation technique known as progressive muscle relaxation. It involves tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups to reduce physical tension and stress. While this technique is excellent for relaxation, it is not cognitive reframing. Cognitive reframing pertains to changing thoughts, not physical sensations.

A. Denial:
Denial is a defense mechanism in which a person refuses to accept reality or acknowledge the existence of something that is evident to others. For example, a person diagnosed with a serious illness might deny that they are ill or refuse to believe the diagnosis. In this scenario, the client is not denying a reality; he is expressing anger and directing it toward the nurse.

B. Compensation:
Compensation is a defense mechanism where an individual overachieves in one area to compensate for real or imagined deficiencies in another area. For instance, someone who feels intellectually inferior might excel in sports to compensate for their perceived inadequacy. This is not applicable to the client's situation in the scenario provided.

C. Rationalization:
Rationalization involves providing logical or reasonable explanations to justify behaviors or feelings that might otherwise be unacceptable. For instance, a person might rationalize a failure by blaming external factors rather than accepting personal responsibility. In the scenario, the client is not offering rationalizations but is expressing direct anger.

D. Displacement:
Displacement occurs when emotions, especially anger or frustration, are redirected from the original source to a less threatening target. For example, a person who is angry with their boss might come home and take out their frustration on their family members. In the given situation, the client is displacing his anger from his partner onto the nurse, asking her to leave, making displacement the most appropriate choice.