A nurse is admitting a client who has an alcohol use disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

A. Reaction Formation:
Reaction formation is a defense mechanism where an individual expresses feelings or behaviors that are the opposite of their true feelings or impulses. For example, someone who harbors unconscious aggressive feelings might display exaggerated friendliness and kindness. In the given scenario, the behavior of the newly licensed nurse is not contradictory to their true feelings; they are imitating the charge nurse willingly.

B. Suppression:
Suppression is a conscious effort to push down or hide certain thoughts or feelings. Unlike repression (which is unconscious), suppression involves a deliberate choice not to think about or dwell on certain emotions or thoughts. In the scenario, the behavior of the newly licensed nurse is not an example of suppression because they are not consciously trying to hide their actions.

C. Identification:
Identification is a defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously models their behavior, feelings, or attitudes after those of someone else, especially someone they perceive as powerful or significant. In this scenario, the newly licensed nurse is imitating the behaviors of the charge nurse, which is an example of identification.

D. Compensation:
Compensation is a defense mechanism where an individual consciously or unconsciously covers up weaknesses, frustrations, or feelings of inadequacy by emphasizing strengths or seeking to excel in other areas. It involves making up for a perceived lack by putting extra effort into another aspect of life. The scenario does not describe the newly licensed nurse compensating for any perceived weakness; they are simply imitating the charge nurse's behavior.

A. Respect the client's need for social isolation:
While it's important to respect the client's need for moments of solitude and privacy, complete social isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness and exacerbate depressive symptoms. Balance is key; the nurse should encourage social interactions and support while respecting the client's need for personal space and alone time.

B. Encourage the client's family members to perform the client's ADLs:
Encouraging the client's family members to take over all activities of daily living (ADLs) can strip the client of their independence and self-efficacy. Instead, the nurse should support the client in actively participating in their self-care activities to the extent they are able. This promotes a sense of control and empowerment during a challenging time.

C. Discourage the client from talking about activities he did prior to the amputation:
Discouraging the client from discussing their life before the amputation can hinder the process of accepting the loss. Allowing the client to talk about their past experiences, activities, and memories can be therapeutic. It helps them process the grief associated with the amputation and allows for a healthy expression of emotions.

D. Determine the client's stage of grief:
Understanding the client's stage of grief is crucial. Grieving is a natural and individual process, and different people progress through stages like denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance at their own pace. By identifying the client's current stage of grief, the nurse can offer tailored support and interventions, ensuring the client's emotional needs are met effectively.