A nurse is educating a pregnant client about the endocrine changes during pregnancy.
Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting ovulation and stimulating milk production?
hCG
Progesterone
Estrogen
Prolactin
The Correct Answer is D
Prolactin is a hormone that is responsible for inhibiting ovulation and stimulating milk production during pregnancy.
It is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and increases throughout pregnancy.
Choice A is wrong because hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone that is produced by the placenta and maintains the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and estrogen.
hCG does not inhibit ovulation or stimulate milk production.
Choice B is wrong because progesterone is a hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta and supports the endometrium, prevents uterine contractions, and prepares the breasts for lactation.
Progesterone does not inhibit ovulation or stimulate milk production.
Choice C is wrong because estrogen is a hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta and stimulates uterine growth, blood flow, and breast duct development.
Estrogen does not inhibit ovulation or stimulate milk production.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Leg cramps are painful muscle contractions that typically affect the calf, foot or both.
They are common during pregnancy, often happening at night during the second and third trimesters.
While the exact cause of leg cramps during pregnancy isn’t clear, various theories point to the following causes of leg cramps during pregnancy: 2
Pregnancy fatigue from carrying the extra baby weight
Compression of the blood vessels in the legs
Diet (an excess of phosphorus and a shortage of calcium or magnesium)
Pregnancy hormones since they seem to cause so many pregnancy aches and pains
Choice A is wrong because increased joint laxity is not a cause of leg cramps, but rather a result of hormonal changes that relax the ligaments and joints in preparation for childbirth.
Choice B is wrong because increased spinal curvature is not a cause of leg cramps, but rather a result of the changing center of gravity and posture during pregnancy.
Choice D is wrong because decreased muscle strength is not a cause of leg cramps, but rather a consequence of muscle fatigue and weight gain during pregnancy.
Normal ranges for calcium are 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL, for magnesium are 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL, and for phosphorus are 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Increased renal blood flow is responsible for the increased urinary output during pregnancy.
This is because the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate increase by 50% to 80% during pregnancy, resulting in more urine production.
Choice A is wrong because the glomerular filtration rate increases, not decreases, during pregnancy.
Choice B is wrong because the tubular reabsorption decreases, not increases, during pregnancy.
This is due to the increased levels of progesterone, which inhibit sodium reabsorption and cause diuresis.
Choice D is wrong because the increased plasma volume is a consequence, not a cause, of the increased renal blood flow.
The plasma volume expands by 30% to 50% during pregnancy to meet the increased metabolic demands of the mother and fetus.
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