A nurse is educating a pregnant client about the renal changes during pregnancy.
Which change is responsible for the increased urinary output?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate.
Increased tubular reabsorption.
Increased renal blood flow.
Increased plasma volume.
The Correct Answer is C
Increased renal blood flow is responsible for the increased urinary output during pregnancy.
This is because the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate increase by 50% to 80% during pregnancy, resulting in more urine production.
Choice A is wrong because the glomerular filtration rate increases, not decreases, during pregnancy.
Choice B is wrong because the tubular reabsorption decreases, not increases, during pregnancy.
This is due to the increased levels of progesterone, which inhibit sodium reabsorption and cause diuresis.
Choice D is wrong because the increased plasma volume is a consequence, not a cause, of the increased renal blood flow.
The plasma volume expands by 30% to 50% during pregnancy to meet the increased metabolic demands of the mother and fetus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
95 to 105 mmHg.
This is the normal range for PaO2 in pregnancy according to several sources.
PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and reflects the oxygenation of the blood.
It is influenced by factors such as ventilation, perfusion, diffusion, and hemoglobin affinity.
Choice A is wrong because 27 to 32 mmHg is too low for PaO2 and would indicate severe hypoxemia or low oxygen levels in the blood.
Choice C is wrong because 500 to 700 mL is a measure of tidal volume, not PaO.
Tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath.
Choice D is wrong because 7 to 10 L/min is a measure of oxygen flow rate, not PaO.
Oxygen flow rate is the amount of oxygen delivered to a patient through a device such as a nasal cannula or a mask.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This is because cramping and vaginal bleeding 24 hours after amniocentesis are signs of possible complications, such as injury to the baby or mother, leaking of amniotic fluid, infection, Rh sensitization, preterm labor, or miscarriage.
These complications are rare, but they can be serious and require immediate medical attention.
Choice B is wrong because administering pain medication to the patient does not address the underlying cause of the cramping and bleeding, and may delay seeking help.
Choice C is wrong because encouraging the patient to rest and elevate her legs may not prevent further complications, and may also delay seeking help.
Choice D is wrong because offering emotional support and reassurance to the patient is not enough to ensure the safety of the baby and the mother, and may give a false sense of security.
Normal ranges for amniocentesis are:
No chromosomal defects detected in the fetus and no abnormal proteins present in amniotic fluid
No signs of infection or other illness in the baby
Fetal lungs mature enough for birth if delivery is planned sooner than 39 weeks
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