A nurse is explaining the musculoskeletal changes during pregnancy to a group of expectant mothers.
Which change alters the center of gravity and posture of the body?
Increased joint laxity.
Increased spinal curvature.
Increased muscle strain.
Decreased muscle strength.
The Correct Answer is B
This change alters the center of gravity and posture of the body because the uterus expands and shifts higher as the fetus grows during pregnancy.
This causes an increased strain on the muscles and ligaments supporting the vertebral column and leads to lower back pain.
Choice A is wrong because increased joint laxity does not alter the center of gravity and posture of the body.
It is caused by hormonal changes that loosen the ligaments throughout the body, resulting in decreased stability of the joints.
Choice C is wrong because increased muscle strain does not alter the center of gravity and posture of the body.
It is a consequence of the shift in the center of gravity and the weight gain during pregnancy, which put more pressure on the back muscles.
Choice D is wrong because decreased muscle strength does not alter the center of gravity and posture of the body.
It is not a common musculoskeletal change during pregnancy, although some women may experience fatigue or weakness due to hormonal changes or anemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Serum creatinine and urea are waste products of protein metabolism that are normally filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine.
In pregnancy, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases by about 50%, which means more creatinine and urea are cleared from the blood.Therefore, serum creatinine and urea levels decrease in pregnancy compared to nonpregnant women.
A. Increased serum creatinine and urea levels are wrong because they indicate impaired kidney function or dehydration, which are not normal in pregnancy.
C. Unchanged serum creatinine and urea levels are wrong because they do not reflect the increased GFR in pregnancy.
D. Increased glomerular filtration rate is correct but it is not a finding regarding serum creatinine and urea levels, which are the focus of the question.
Normal ranges for serum creatinine and urea vary depending on the laboratory and the units used, but based on a nonpregnant reference interval of 45-90 μmol/l (0.51-1.02 mg/dl) for creatinine and 2.5-6.4 mmol/l (7-18 mg/dl) for urea, a serum creatinine of >77 μmol/l (0.87 mg/dl) and a blood urea of >8.5 mmol/l (24 mg/dl) should be considered outside the normal range for pregnancy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
95 to 105 mmHg.
This is the normal range for PaO2 in pregnancy according to several sources.
PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and reflects the oxygenation of the blood.
It is influenced by factors such as ventilation, perfusion, diffusion, and hemoglobin affinity.
Choice A is wrong because 27 to 32 mmHg is too low for PaO2 and would indicate severe hypoxemia or low oxygen levels in the blood.
Choice C is wrong because 500 to 700 mL is a measure of tidal volume, not PaO.
Tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath.
Choice D is wrong because 7 to 10 L/min is a measure of oxygen flow rate, not PaO.
Oxygen flow rate is the amount of oxygen delivered to a patient through a device such as a nasal cannula or a mask.
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