A nurse is educating a pregnant client about the changes in her posture during pregnancy.
Which factor contributes to increased spinal curvature?
Increased joint laxity.
Increased weight gain.
Increased muscle strain.
Decreased muscle strength.
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is choice A. Increased joint laxity contributes to increased spinal curvature in pregnant women.
Joint laxity is caused by the hormone relaxin, which loosens the ligaments and joints of the pelvis and spine to prepare for childbirth.
This can result in increased lordosis (inward curvature) of the lumbar spine and increased kyphosis (outward curvature) of the thoracic spine.
Choice B is wrong because increased weight gain does not directly affect spinal curvature, but it can cause postural changes such as anterior pelvic tilt and forward trunk lean.
Choice C is wrong because increased muscle strain is a consequence, not a cause, of spinal curvature changes.
Muscle strain can occur due to the altered biomechanics and balance of the spine and pelvis during pregnancy.
Choice D is wrong because decreased muscle strength is also a consequence, not a cause, of spinal curvature changes.
Muscle strength can decrease due to reduced physical activity, hormonal changes, or pain during pregnancy.
Normal ranges for spinal curvature vary depending on age, sex, and measurement method, but generally they are:
Sacral inclination: 30-50 degrees
Lumbar curvature: 20-45 degrees
Thoracic curvature: 20-40 degrees
Cervical curvature: 20-35 degrees
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This is because a pregnant client may experience frequent urination at night due to increased urinary output caused by the increased blood volume and renal function during pregnancy.
This symptom is more common in the first and third trimesters.
Choice A is wrong because increased glomerular permeability does not cause nocturia, but it may cause proteinuria, which is the presence of protein in the urine.
Choice B is wrong because decreased renal blood flow does not cause nocturia, but it may cause renal ischemia, which is a condition where the kidneys do not receive enough blood supply.
Choice C is wrong because increased tubular reabsorption does not cause nocturia, but it may cause water retention and edema, which are swelling of the body tissues due to fluid accumulation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Increased renal blood flow is responsible for the increased urinary output during pregnancy.
This is because the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate increase by 50% to 80% during pregnancy, resulting in more urine production.
Choice A is wrong because the glomerular filtration rate increases, not decreases, during pregnancy.
Choice B is wrong because the tubular reabsorption decreases, not increases, during pregnancy.
This is due to the increased levels of progesterone, which inhibit sodium reabsorption and cause diuresis.
Choice D is wrong because the increased plasma volume is a consequence, not a cause, of the increased renal blood flow.
The plasma volume expands by 30% to 50% during pregnancy to meet the increased metabolic demands of the mother and fetus.
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