A nurse is discussing non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension with a client. Which factor should the nurse include in the discussion?

A) This option is incorrect. Sudden weight loss or gain is not typically associated with hypertension-related symptoms.

B) Correct answer. Fatigue and tiredness can be symptoms of hypertension, especially if it is uncontrolled or has led to target organ damage.

C) This option is incorrect. Abdominal pain or discomfort is not commonly associated with hypertension.

D) This option is incorrect. Changes in skin texture or color are not typical symptoms of hypertension.

Rationale:

A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.

B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.

C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.

D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.