A nurse is collecting data from a female client during an initial health assessment. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Choice A rationale: Breast self-examinations should be performed monthly, not every other month. This regularity helps with early detection of any changes.

Choice B rationale: Dimpling of the skin on the breasts is not common and can be a sign of breast cancer or other conditions. This statement indicates a misunderstanding.

Choice C rationale: It is indeed common for one breast to be slightly larger than the other. This is a normal variation and not usually a cause for concern.

Choice D rationale: Breast self-examinations should be performed several days after the menstrual period ends, not the day the period begins. This timing helps to reduce the likelihood of hormonal changes affecting breast tissue.

The correct answer is Choice C.

Choice A rationale: Applying traction weight to the external fixator is not recommended, as it can cause excessive stress on the pins and wires, leading to complications such as infection, loosening, or breakage1.Traction is usually applied to skeletal pins that are inserted into the bone without an external frame2.

Choice B rationale: Monitoring the neurovascular status of the affected limb is important, but every 8 hours is not frequent enough.The nurse should perform neurovascular checks every 2 to 4 hours for the first 24 hours, then every 4 to 8 hours, according to the facility policy3. This is to assess for signs of nerve damage, compartment syndrome, or impaired circulation, which can result from the injury or the device.

Choice C rationale: Administering pain medication 30 min prior to pin care is a correct intervention, as it can help reduce the discomfort and anxiety associated with the procedure. Pin care involves cleaning the pin sites with an antiseptic solution and applying sterile dressings to prevent infection and promote healing. The frequency and technique of pin care may vary depending on the type of device, the condition of the wound, and the facility protocol.

Choice D rationale: Adjusting the clamps on the device’s frame daily is not a nursing intervention, as it can alter the alignment and stability of the fracture. The clamps should be tightened only by the orthopedic surgeon or a trained technician, and only when necessary. The nurse should inspect the device for any loose or broken parts and report any problems to the surgeon.

So, the correct answer is Choice C, after analysing all choices.