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A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia with dyspnea. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This ABG result indicates that the client has an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to hypoventilation.

A. "Metabolic acidosis" is an incorrect answer because the pH is low and the HCO3 is within normal range.

C. "Respiratory alkalosis" is an incorrect answer because the pH is low and the PaCO2 is elevated.

D. "Metabolic alkalosis" is an incorrect answer because the HCO3 is within normal range, and the pH is low.

Explanation: The ABG result shows a low pH, elevated PaCO2, and normal HCO3, indicating respiratory acidosis. This condition can be caused by conditions that affect breathing, such as pneumonia, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

BUN 40 mg/dL. Elevated BUN levels can indicate impaired kidney function, which can be a potential adverse effect of long-term NSAID therapy.

Reasons why the other options are not answers:

Option A: Total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dL is a normal value and does not require reporting to the provider.

Option C: PaO2 90 mm Hg is within the normal range and does not require reporting to the provider.

Option D: Hematocrit 45% is within the normal range and does not require reporting to the provider.

A. Participate in reminiscence therapy with the client. B. Raise the four side rails on the client's bed. C. Alternate the client's daily routine. D. Keep the lights dimmed.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is choice A, participate in reminiscence therapy with the client. This is an effective intervention for individuals with Alzheimer's disease. It involves encouraging the client to discuss past experiences and events. It has been shown to improve mood, decrease agitation, and increase communication skills. The reminiscence therapy should be individualized and tailored to the client's interests and abilities.

Raising the four side rails on the client's bed is not the correct answer because this could cause harm to the client by restricting their mobility and independence.
Alternating the client's daily routine is not the correct answer because individuals with Alzheimer's disease benefit from a consistent routine, which helps them to feel more secure and less anxious.
Keeping the lights dimmed is not the correct answer because it can be disorienting and confusing for clients with Alzheimer's disease, who need adequate lighting to distinguish their surroundings.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia with dyspnea. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

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