A nurse is collecting data from a client who has heart failure. The nurse notes the client has crackles in the bases of the lungs and a respiratory rate of 24/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Increase the client's intake of oral fluids.

Instruct the client to cough every 4 hr.

Encourage the client to ambulate to loosen secretions.

Maintain the client in high-Fowler's position.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The client's crackles in the bases of the lungs and an increased respiratory rate indicate the presence of fluid accumulation in the lungs, which is commonly seen in clients with heart failure. Maintaining the client in a high Fowler's position helps to promote optimal lung expansion and ventilation by reducing the pressure on the diaphragm, allowing for improved breathing mechanics and enhanced oxygenation.

Increasing the client's intake of oral fluids: While maintaining hydration is generally important, increasing oral fluids may not directly address the issue of fluid accumulation in the lungs. The priority in this situation is to optimize the client's respiratory function.

Instructing the client to cough every 4 hours: Coughing alone may not be sufficient to resolve the fluid accumulation. The underlying cause of the crackles and increased respiratory rate in heart failure is fluid congestion, which requires more comprehensive management.

Encouraging the client to ambulate to loosen secretions: While ambulation is generally beneficial for clients with heart failure, it may not directly address the fluid accumulation in the lungs. Ambulation can help improve overall cardiovascular function and fluid balance, but in the presence of acute respiratory distress or significant fluid overload, the client may not be able to tolerate or benefit from ambulation immediately.

In addition to maintaining the client in a high-Fowler's position, the nurse should also collaborate with the healthcare provider to initiate appropriate interventions, such as administering diuretic medications to help remove excess fluid and improve respiratory status. Monitoring the client's oxygen saturation, providing supplemental oxygen as needed, and assessing other vital signs are also important aspects of care in managing heart failure-related respiratory symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Splinting the incision with a pillow when changing positions can provide support and help minimize discomfort and pain in clients who have undergone a cesarean birth. It can help reduce strain on the incision site and provide a sense of stability and comfort.
A. "You can apply counterpressure to your back with each position change" may be helpful for managing back pain, but it does not specifically address the client's request for nonpharmacological interventions to manage pain when changing positions after a cesarean birth.
C. "You should change positions as little as possible" is not an appropriate response as it does not address the client's need to manage pain when changing positions. Encouraging movement and position changes, along with appropriate support, can aid in recovery and prevent complications such as blood clots and respiratory issues.
D. "You should use patterned-paced breathing when changing positions" is not specifically related to managing pain when changing positions after a cesarean birth. While breathing techniques can be useful for pain management during labor and certain procedures, they may not be the most effective strategy for managing pain when changing positions post-cesarean.

A. Allow a family member of the client to stay with the client's body until burial. B. Position the client's head toward Mecca. C. Allow a family member to stay with the client's body for 8 hr. D. Position the client's head northward.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

In Islam, it is customary to position the deceased's head toward Mecca, which is considered the holiest city in Islam. Mecca is the direction that Muslims face during prayer. Orienting the client's head toward Mecca is a sign of respect for their religious beliefs and customs.

While it is common in some cultural and religious practices for family members to stay with the deceased until burial, this may vary depending on the specific beliefs and customs of the family. It is important to respect the family's wishes and cultural practices, but it is not solely specific to Islam.

The duration of time for a family member to stay with the deceased can vary depending on cultural and religious practices, but there is no specific set duration of 8 hours in Islamic customs.

In Islam, the direction of Mecca is significant, and positioning the client's head toward Mecca is the customary practice. There is no specific requirement to position the head northward in Islamic customs.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has heart failure. The nurse notes the client has crackles in the bases of the lungs and a respiratory rate of 24/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Nursing Test Bank

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