A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a calcium level of 8 mg/dL. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Choice A Rationale: The correct method for cleansing the area before collecting a midstream urine specimen is to wipe from front to back, not back-and-forth. This is to avoid contamination of the specimen with bacteria from the anal area. The towelette should be used in a single stroke and then discarded to ensure cleanliness.

Choice B Rationale: Using the nondominant hand to spread the labia is a standard practice that allows the dominant hand to manipulate the collection container. This technique helps to prevent contamination of the specimen by keeping the container away from the body and ensuring a clean catch.

Choice C Rationale: It is important to start the flow of urine before collecting the specimen to ensure that the 'midstream' urine is captured. This helps to flush out any bacteria that may be present at the opening of the urethra, reducing the risk of contaminating the sample.

Choice D Rationale: The specimen container should be removed from the stream before stopping the flow of urine to avoid contamination. The initial and final parts of the urine stream can carry bacteria from the urethra and skin, so only the midstream should be collected in the container.

a. Position the client flat in bed: This position may increase pressure on the abdomen and exacerbate ascites. The head of the bed should be elevated to enhance respiratory function.

b. Weigh the client weekly: Weighing the client daily is more appropriate to monitor fluid retention and assess the effectiveness of interventions.

c. Medicate the client with acetaminophen for discomfort: While acetaminophen can be used for pain relief, its use should be monitored closely due to the potential for liver toxicity in clients with cirrhosis.

d. Measure the client’s abdominal girth every 8 hours: Monitoring abdominal girth is crucial for assessing the degree of ascites and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.