A nurse is caring for an oldest patient.

Exhibits

For each potential provider’s prescription, click to specify if the potential prescription is anticipated or contraindicated for the client.

Choice A: Ice packs to affected area 15 minutes on, 15 minutes off

Reason: Ice packs are generally contraindicated for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The use of ice packs can cause vasoconstriction, which narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow. This can exacerbate the pain and potentially trigger a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) by further restricting blood flow to the already compromised areas. Studies have shown that cold exposure can worsen pain in SCD patients, making ice packs an unsuitable option.

Choice B: Intravenous fluids (IVF) at maintenance rate

Reason: Intravenous fluids are anticipated for patients with SCD, especially during a pain crisis. Hydration is crucial as it helps to reduce the viscosity of the blood, thereby improving blood flow and reducing the likelihood of sickling. Adequate hydration can help to alleviate pain and prevent further complications. The administration of IV fluids is a standard practice in managing acute pain episodes in SCD patients.

Choice C: Ketorolac IV for pain

Reason: Ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is anticipated for managing pain in SCD patients. It provides effective pain relief without the risks associated with opioids, such as respiratory depression and dependence. Ketorolac works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in the inflammatory process and pain signaling. It is particularly useful for acute pain management in SCD patients.

Choice D: Ambulate in hallway with supervision

Reason: Ambulation during a pain crisis is generally contraindicated for SCD patients. Movement can increase pain and stress on the affected areas, potentially worsening the condition. During a VOC, patients are often advised to rest and avoid activities that could exacerbate the pain. While physical activity is important for overall health, it should be carefully managed and avoided during acute pain episodes.

Choice E: Meperidine IV for pain

Reason: Meperidine is contraindicated for pain management in SCD patients due to its potential for serious side effects. Meperidine can accumulate in the body and produce a toxic metabolite called normeperidine, which can cause seizures and other adverse effects. Additionally, meperidine is less effective than other opioids and has a higher risk of causing dependency and other complications. Therefore, it is not recommended for managing pain in SCD patients.