A nurse is caring for a newborn who is receiving phototherapy treatment. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Check gastric residuals every 4 hr: Monitoring gastric residual volume every 4 hours helps assess tolerance to the feeding and prevents aspiration or overfeeding.
B. Ensure the formula is cold before administration: Cold formula can cause gastric cramping and discomfort. It should be at room temperature prior to administration.
C. Check placement of the feeding tube x-ray once daily: X-ray confirmation is typically done once upon initial insertion. Daily checks are not required unless there’s a concern about displacement.
D. Change the feeding container and tubing every 24 hr: This reduces the risk of bacterial contamination, especially since enteral nutrition provides a medium for microbial growth.
E. Maintain the head of the client’s bed at a 30° angle or higher: Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent aspiration by keeping gastric contents from refluxing into the esophagus.

A. Avoid eating seafood to minimize risk to the newborn: Seafood contains important nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids that support infant brain development; moderate consumption of low-mercury seafood is generally safe and encouraged during breastfeeding.
B. Wait 1 hour to breastfeed after consuming alcohol: Alcohol peaks in breast milk approximately 30 to 60 minutes after consumption; waiting only 1 hour may not be sufficient to prevent infant exposure depending on the amount consumed.
C. Consume additional calories each day to support milk production: Breastfeeding increases a mother’s energy needs by about 450 to 500 calories per day, so additional caloric intake is necessary to maintain adequate milk supply and support maternal health.
D. Caffeine slowly enters breast milk after maternal consumption: Caffeine passes into breast milk relatively quickly, usually within 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion, so it does not enter slowly but rather fairly rapidly after consumption.