165. A nurse is collecting a specimen for an aerobic culture from a client who has a draining pressure injury. Identify the sequence of actions the nurse should follow. (Move the Steps into the box on the right. placing them in the order of performance. use all the steps.)

Rationales for Correct Findings:

• Client lying in the fetal position; This position often indicates severe abdominal pain and discomfort, signaling peritoneal irritation or acute abdomen. It helps reduce tension on the abdominal muscles, which suggests significant underlying pathology such as peritonitis or perforation.
• Abdominal pain rated 10 radiating to right shoulder: Shoulder pain, especially the right side, can be referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation caused by blood or gastric contents in the peritoneal cavity. This suggests a perforated ulcer or ruptured viscus, making it an alarming symptom requiring immediate attention.
• Abdomen distended and rigid: Abdominal rigidity and distension are classic signs of peritonitis, which may result from gastrointestinal perforation or severe intra-abdominal infection. This indicates an emergency, as the patient may require surgery to address the underlying cause.
• Vomited moderate amount bright red emesis: Bright red emesis indicates active upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can lead to hypovolemia and shock. This finding requires prompt stabilization and diagnostic evaluation to control bleeding and prevent further deterioration.
• Heart rate 120/min: Tachycardia is an early compensatory response to hypovolemia or pain and can be a sign of shock or sepsis. It indicates the body is under stress, and immediate monitoring and intervention are essential to prevent further cardiovascular compromise.
• Blood pressure 70/49 mm Hg: Hypotension with a low systolic pressure indicates significant circulatory compromise, likely from blood loss or septic shock. This requires urgent fluid resuscitation and advanced cardiac monitoring to prevent organ failure.

Rationale for Incorrect Findings:

• Temperature 36.5° C (97.7° F): The temperature is within normal limits, and the absence of fever does not rule out serious abdominal pathology. Fever may develop later in peritonitis or infection, so normal temperature should not delay intervention but does not require immediate follow-up alone.
• Respiratory rate 20/min: This respiratory rate is within normal to mildly elevated range and may reflect mild distress but is not critical at this time. Oxygen saturation is adequate, and the patient is breathing without significant difficulty, so no urgent intervention based solely on this is needed.
• SpO2 95% room air: Oxygen saturation at 95% on room air is borderline but generally acceptable in adults without respiratory disease. It does not indicate respiratory failure and is not the priority concern in this clinical scenario.

A. “Remain on bed rest for 24 hours following the procedure.”: Prolonged bed rest increases the risk of venous stasis and deep vein thrombosis, so this instruction does not promote circulation and is not recommended.
B. “Place a pillow under your knees while in bed.”: Elevating the knees can impede venous return and increase the risk of blood clots, so this practice is discouraged for circulation promotion.
C. “Participate in range-of-motion exercises.”: Performing range-of-motion exercises helps stimulate blood flow, reduce venous stasis, and promote circulation, which is essential during the postoperative period to prevent complications.
D. “Use an incentive spirometer every 4 hours.”: Using an incentive spirometer improves lung expansion and oxygenation but does not directly promote circulation in the extremities.