A nurse is caring for a group of clients diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). While teaching about ways to slow the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which of the following topics would be most important for the nurse to include?

Choice A reason: While fiber is important in a diet, recommending at least 45 g per day does not specifically address the needs of a patient with diabetic nephropathy.

Choice B reason: Consuming less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day is recommended for patients with diabetic nephropathy to reduce the workload on the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Limiting cholesterol intake to 300 mg per day is a general recommendation for heart health but is not specific to diabetic nephropathy dietary management.

Choice D reason: The recommendation to consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates is not specific to diabetic nephropathy, and carbohydrate needs can vary based on individual energy requirements.

Choice A reason: Blood-tinged dialysate outflow can occur initially due to the surgical procedure and is not typically a cause for immediate concern unless it persists or is accompanied by other symptoms.

Choice B reason: Dialysate leakage during inflow might indicate a problem with the catheter placement or integrity but is not usually an emergency. It should be monitored and reported if it continues.

Choice C reason: Discomfort during dialysate inflow is common, especially in new patients, as they adjust to the sensation of fluid being infused. It should be reported if the discomfort is severe or persistent.

Choice D reason: Purulent dialysate outflow indicates an infection, such as peritonitis, which is a serious complication

of peritoneal dialysis. This requires immediate atention and intervention by the healthcare provider.