A nurse is caring for a client who requires isolation for active pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse include when creating a sign to post outside of the client's room? (Select all that apply.)

A - Using a stiff toothbrush is not appropriate for oral care in immobile clients, as it can irritate or damage the gums and oral tissues. A soft-bristled toothbrush is recommended to ensure gentle cleaning.

B - Turning the client on his side is the correct action to prevent aspiration. This position allows fluids and saliva to drain from the mouth, reducing the risk of aspiration, which is critical for immobile clients.

C - Using the thumb and index finger to keep the client’s mouth open can lead to accidental injury. Instead, a padded tongue blade should be used to maintain the client’s mouth open safely during oral care.

D - Applying petroleum jelly to the lips should be avoided, as it is oil-based and can increase the risk of aspiration if inhaled. A water-based lubricant or lip balm should be used instead.

A. Increased fiber in the diet is not a cause of constipation, but rather a preventive measure that can help promote regular bowel movements by adding bulk and softness to the stool.
B. Ignoring the urge to defecate is a cause of constipation, as it can lead to hardening and accumulation of fecal matter in the colon, resulting in difficulty and pain during defecation.
C. Inadequate fluid intake is a cause of constipation, as it can contribute to dehydration and reduced stool moisture, making it harder and drier to pass.
D. Increased activity is not a cause of constipation, but rather a beneficial factor that can stimulate intestinal motility and facilitate bowel elimination.
E. Excessive laxative use is a cause of constipation, as it can interfere with the normal functioning of the colon and cause dependence, leading to decreased bowel tone and reduced peristalsis.